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The Hussites ( or Kališníci ; " Chalice People ") were a Christian movement following the teachings of Czech reformer Jan Hus ( c. 1369 – 1415 ), who became one of the forerunners of the Protestant Reformation.
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Hussites and ;
The views of the moderate Hussites were widely represented at the university and among the citizens of Prague ; they were therefore called the Prague Party, but also Calixtines ( Latin calix chalice ) or Utraquists ( Latin utraque both ), because they emphasized the second article of Prague, and the chalice became their emblem.
Another legend states that, as the robber struck the painting twice, the face of the Virgin Mary started to bleed ; in a panic, the scared Hussites retreated and left the painting.
This doctrine became the watchword of the moderate Hussites known as the Utraquists or Calixtines, from the Latin calix ( the chalice ), in Czech kališníci ( from kalich ); while the more extreme Hussites soon became known as the Taborites ( táborité ), named after the city of Tábor that became their centre ; or Orphans ( sirotci ) a name they adopted after the death of their beloved leader and general Jan Žižka.
In spite of the endeavours of their rulers, Poles and Lithuanians did not wish to attack the kindred Czechs ; the Germans were prevented by internal discord from taking joint action against the Hussites ; and the King of Denmark, who had landed in Germany with a large force intending to take part in the crusade, soon returned to his own country.
Free for a time from foreign threat, the Hussites invaded Moravia, where a large part of the population favoured their creed ; but, paralysed again by dissensions, they soon returned to Bohemia.
Korybut never managed to return the Hussites to the Catholic Church ; and he even had to resort to force of arms when dealing with the various factions.
However, the raids did not have the desired effect ; these countries kept supplying soldiers to the crusade against the Hussites.
Before definitely giving its consent to peace negotiations, the Roman Church determined on making a last effort to reduce the Hussites to subjection ; this resulted in the 5th Crusade against the Hussites.
But when the Jesuits came to Prague, the Nepomuk veneration had long been widespread ; and the idea of canonization originated in opposition not to the Hussites, but to Protestantism, as a weapon of the Counter-Reformation.
During the period of his nunciature, John visited all parts of the Empire, preaching and combating the heresy of the Hussites ; he also visited Poland at the request of Casimir IV Jagiellon.
As legate, or inquisitor, he prosecuted the last Fraticelli of Ferrara, the Jesuati of Venice, the Crypto-Jews of Sicily, Moldavia and Poland, and, above all, the Hussites of Germany, Hungary and Bohemia ; his aim in the last case was to make talks impossible between the representatives of Rome and the Bohemians, for every attempt at conciliation seemed to him to be conniving at heresy.
The reform movement of the Czech Hussites intensified religious fanaticism ; and the resulting reactionary measures spread to Poland.
Hussites and ")
* Piotr Marczak " Wojny Husyckie " ( English, " Hussites Wars ") pages 61 – 67 published 2003 by " Egros " Warsaw
Utraquism ( from the Latin sub utraque specie, meaning " in both kinds ") was the principal dogma, and one of the four articles, of the Calixtines or Hussites who maintained that both the bread and the wine should be administered to the people during the Eucharist.
Hussites and were
Some Waldensian ideas were absorbed into early Protestant sects, such as the Hussites, Lollards, and the Moravian Church ( Herrnhuters of Germany ).
The programme of the more conservative Hussites is contained in the Four Articles of Prague, which were agreed upon in July 1420, and promulgated in the Latin, Czech, and German languages.
Saint Joan of Arc-whose Catholic piety and orthodoxy are attested in numerous documents ( such as the letter she dictated threatening to lead a crusade against the Hussites ), and who was executed by the English for what even the tribunal members later admitted were political reasons-was rewritten as a pagan martyr by Murray.
On the other hand, after the Hussites had devastated the duchy, the Austrian Jews were accused of collaboration and arms trade in favour of the enemies.
With the wars officially over, many Hussites were now hired by the same countries whom they had sacked during their " beautiful rides.
He gradually raised an armed force in north-eastern Bohemia, where the Hussites were strong and where his ancestral castle Litice was situated.
The Hussites were a Christian movement following the teachings of Czech priest, philosopher, reformer, and master at Charles University in Prague, Jan Hus ( c. 1369 – 1415 ).
The mainly German citizens of the city killed a few of the Hussites in the town and closed the city to Žižka, whose armies were camped outside the city walls.
The Cathars and similar groups ( the Waldenses, Apostle brothers, Beghards and Beguines, Lollards, and Hussites ) were branded as heretics by the Roman Catholic Church and suppressed.
Large scale Polish involvement was ended in 1427 when Korybut was arrested by the Hussites after Polish plans to hand over the Hussite forces to Emperor Sigismund were discovered.
Spanilé jízdy, or beautiful rides, as the Hussites called them, were undertaken in many different foreign lands.
In 1433, Pszczyna was attacked by the Hussites, who laid siege to the castle but were eventually repulsed.
Adherents of the Czech Reformed Church ( Hussites ) opposed the Roman Catholic Habsburgs, who were in turn supported by the Czech and German Catholics.
Similar army camps were also built, notably one on the mountain of Oreb, where another group of radical Hussites established themselves, and became known as the Orebici ( Orebites ).
At the time of the Prague siege, Sigismund's soldiers, who were placed in Hradčany and Vyšehrad, advanced on the Hussites ' position in Prague.
Hussites and Christian
Cesarini then proposed a defense using the Wagenburg of the Hussites until the arrival of the Christian fleet.
The Roman See reluctantly consented to the presence of heretics at this council, but indignantly rejected the suggestion of the Hussites that members of the Greek Church, and representatives of all Christian creeds, should also be present.
Hussites and movement
From that time, the Taborites lost their importance, though the Hussite movement would continue in Poland for another five years, until the Royalist forces of Poland defeated the Polish Hussites at the Battle of Grotniki.
The restorationist movement at the time was centered on movements that wanted to renew the church, such as the Lollards, Hussites, and Brethren of the Common Life.
An end to the Polish Hussite movement in Poland would arrive as well: the Polish Hussites, often reinforced by their Czech Slav brethren, had been raiding there for years, and the royal Polish forces under Władysław III of Varna would defeat the Hussites at the Battle of Grotniki, bringing the Hussite Wars to an end.
In Bohemia, a movement in the early 15th century by Jan Hus called the Hussites defied Roman Catholic dogma and still exists to this day ( alternately known as the Moravian Church ).
He appears to have been one of the leaders of the humanist movement in Germany, and to have had some intercourse and sympathy with the leaders of the Hussites in Bohemia.
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