In addition to a number of other international organizations and institutions, such as the IUCN Environmental Law Center ( IUCN ELC ), the city currently hosts 18 United Nations institutions.

* Mathews, Freya 1994 " Cultural Relativism and Environmental Ethics " IUCN Ethics Working Group Report No 5, August 1994.

IUCN Commission on Environmental, Economic, and Social Policy ( CEESP ): CEESP provides expertise and policy advice on economic and social factors for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity.

IUCN Commission on Environmental Law ( CEL ): CEL advances environmental law by developing new legal concepts and instruments, as well as by building the capacity of societies to employ environmental law for conservation and sustainable development.

The Environmental Agency ( now Ministry of Environment ) of Japan added it as a vulnerable species ( IUCN category ) to the Red Data List in 2000.

The college has an academic link with the University of Oslo, Norway, and has signed an MOU with the IUCN Pakistan, under which it will have institutional co-operation with the latter in the area of Environmental Law.

The Amphibian Specialist Group of the World Conservation Union ( IUCN ) is spearheading efforts to implement a comprehensive global strategy for amphibian conservation.

It is listed as a threatened species in the United States and the IUCN lists the species as vulnerable.

The mountain bongo is classified by the IUCN Antelope Specialist Group as Critically Endangered with more specimens in captivity than in the wild.

9. 3 % of the country is protected under IUCN categories I-V.

CITES ( the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as the Washington Convention ) is a multilateral treaty, drafted as a result of a resolution adopted in 1963 at a meeting of members of the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ).

Though controversial ( with many traditional herpetologists still using Bufo marinus ) the binomial Rhinella marina is gaining in acceptance with such bodies as the IUCN, Encyclopaedia of Life, Amphibian Species of the World and increasing numbers of scientific publications adopting its usage.

Canis lupus is assessed as Least Concern by the IUCN, as its relatively widespread range and stable population trend mean that the species, at global level, does not meet, or nearly meet, any of the criteria for the threatened categories.

Capybaras are on the IUCN list, but are not considered a threatened species ; their population is stable through most of their South American range, though in some areas, hunting has reduced their numbers.

The common chimpanzee is listed on the IUCN Red List as an endangered species.

However, the IUCN does not believe there is enough certainty yet to reclassify the species from Endangered to Vulnerable.

It is classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) as Least Concern, but has been extirpated from many parts of its former range, and some subspecies are classified as Endangered.

The giraffe species as a whole is assessed as Least Concern from a conservation perspective by the IUCN, as it is still numerous.

The western population is listed as critically endangered by the IUCN.

The species is listed as critically endangered and possibly extinct by the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ).

The IUCN reported in 2008, " The taxonomy of this genus is clearly in need of review, and it is likely that O. orca will be split into a number of different species or at least subspecies over the next few years.

Globally, this species is not considered threatened by the IUCN.

The Komodo dragon is a vulnerable species and is found on the IUCN Red List.

The largest national park in the world meeting the IUCN definition is the Northeast Greenland National Park, which was established in 1974.

The red panda has been classified as Vulnerable by IUCN because its population is estimated at fewer than 10, 000 mature individuals.

The species has been classified as vulnerable in the IUCN Red List since 2008 because the global population is estimated at about 10, 000 individuals, with a decreasing population trend ; only about half of the total area of potential habitat of is actually being used by the species.

The organization publishes the IUCN Red List, compiling information from a network of conservation organizations to rate which species are most endangered.

IUCN is the world ’ s oldest and largest global environmental network — a democratic membership union with more than 1, 000 government and NGO member organizations, and almost 11, 000 volunteer scientists in more than 160 countries.

IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas ( WCPA ): WCPA's mission is to promote the establishment and effective management of a world-wide representative network of terrestrial and marine protected areas.

The IUCN demonstrate how biodiversity is fundamental to addressing some of the world ’ s greatest challenges: tackling global warming, achieving sustainable energy, improving human well-being and building a green economy.

It was considered conspecific with the Common Teal ( A. crecca ) for some time but the issue is still being reviewed by the American Ornithologists ' Union ; based on this the IUCN and BirdLife International do not accept it as a separate species at present.

The milk snake is not listed by the IUCN ( a wildlife conservation union ), but in some areas, they may face significant pressure due to pet trade collection.

While there have been some localised declines in population in areas with poorer quality habitats, its large range and high numbers mean that the Great Tit is not considered to be threatened, and it is classed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.

The IUCN Red List lists the gentoo as " near threatened ", due to a rapid decline in some key populations which is believed to be driving a moderate overall decline in the species population.

It is widespread and common, and therefore classified as a Species of Least Concern by the IUCN but is a vulnerable species in some states of Australia.

There is some evidence of a population decline, but the species is not believed to approach the IUCN Red List thresholds of a population decline of more than 30 % in ten years or three generations, and is therefore is evaluated as Least Concern.

There have been population decreases in some parts of Europe, but in other areas the population has increased and the species is not seriously threatened, so it is assessed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.

This found that 32 % of species were globally threatened, at least 43 % were experiencing some form of population decrease, and that between 9 and 122 species have become extinct since 1980., the IUCN Red List, which incorporates the Global Amphibian Assessment and subsequent updates, lists 486 amphibian species as " Critically Endangered ".

Due to ongoing habitat loss, small population size and hunting in some areas, the Cheer Pheasant is evaluated as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

It is listed as an endangered species on the IUCN Red List as endangered in some U. S. states, and as either threatened or endangered throughout Canada, though it has no federal status in the U. S. The U. S. states in which it is considered endangered are Indiana, Illinois, Maine, Nebraska, Massachusetts, South Dakota, and Missouri.

Currently the IUCN ( International Union for the Conservation of Nature ), lists the flammulated owl as a species of least concern but populations may be declining in some areas.

The terms " Lazarus effect " or " Lazarus species " have also found some acceptance in neontology — the study of extant organisms, as contrasted with paleontology — as an organism that is rediscovered alive after having been widely considered extinct for years ( a recurring IUCN Red List species for example ).

The species has not been assessed for the IUCN Red List, nor the Australian EPBC Act, and may be kept as a pet with the appropriate license in at least some states of Australia.

Due to ongoing habitat loss, pollution, and hunting in some areas, the oriental small-clawed otter is evaluated as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Though referred by some authorities to be of status " Vulnerable ", it is however unlisted in the IUCN Red List and the CITES appendices I, II and III.

The IUCN lists it as a threatened species, and as of June 14, 2006, it was afforded some international protection by being listed as a CITES 3 species ( which will put limits on exportation from the United States and all international trade in this species ).

While the World Conservation Union ( IUCN ) mostly only categorizes whole species or subspecies, assessing the global risk of extinction, in some cases it also assesses the risks to stocks and populations, especially to preserve genetic diversity.

Despite a total ban on all killing or capture of wildlife other than fish and some invertebrates, it appears that there is a consistent pattern of depleted biodiversity or loss of species ( notably at least six mammals and one important reptile ) in this century, and that the " ecological quality of the original mangrove forest is declining " ( IUCN 1994 ).

The species is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List because of its wide distribution, presumed large population, occurrence in a number of protected areas, tolerance to some degree of habitat modification, and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category.

Due to ongoing habitat loss, small population size and hunting in some areas, the Congo Peacock is evaluated as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Due to ongoing habitat loss and overhunting in some areas, the White-naped Crane is evaluated as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.