The IUPAC / IUPAP Transfermium Working Group report in 1992 officially recognised the GSI team as discoverers of bohrium.

In 1992 the IUPAC / IUPAP Transfermium Working Group assessed the claims of the two groups and concluded that confidence in the discovery grew from results from both laboratories and the claim of discovery should be shared.

The term " geometric isomerism " is considered an obsolete synonym of " cis / trans isomerism " by IUPAC.

A more stable isotope (< sup > 231 </ sup > Pa ) of protactinium was discovered in 1917 / 18 by Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner, and they choose the name proto-actinium, but then the IUPAC named it finally protactinium in 1949 and confirmed Hahn and Meitner as discoverers.

In 1992, the IUPAC / IUPAP Transfermium Working Group ( TWG ) assessed the claims of discovery and concluded that both teams provided contemporaneous evidence to the synthesis of element 104 and that credit should be shared between the two groups.

The naming and credit for discovery of those elements remained unresolved for many years but eventually shared credit was recognized by IUPAC / IUPAP in 1992.

The IUPAC / IUPAP Joint Working Party ( JWP ) recognised the GSI team as discoverers in their 2001 report.

In 2001, the IUPAC / IUPAP Joint Working Party ( JWP ) concluded that there was insufficient evidence for the discovery at that time.

The IUPAC / IUPAP Joint Working Party ( JWP ), however, has made no comment on whether or not the element can be recognized as discovered.

IUPAC / IUBMB now also recommends standard abbreviations for the following two amino acids:

Sequences are expected to be represented in the standard IUB / IUPAC amino acid and nucleic acid codes, with these exceptions: lower-case letters are accepted and are mapped into upper-case ; a single hyphen or dash can be used to represent a gap character ; and in amino acid sequences, U and * are acceptable letters ( see below ).

* At IUPAC standard temperature and pressure ( 0 ° C and 100 kPa ), dry air has a density of 1. 2754 kg / m < sup > 3 </ sup >.

The use of " molar " as a unit, equal to 1 mol / dm < sup > 3 </ sup >, symbol M, is frequent, but not ( as of May 2007 ) completely condoned by IUPAC: See if commonly used.

* 1959 / 1960: Unified atomic weight scale based on C = 12 adopted by IUPAP and IUPAC.

Since the early 1960s ferrocene has been gaining acceptance as the standard reference for nonaqueous work for a number of reasons, and in 1984, IUPAC recommended ferrocene ( II / III ) as a standard redox couple.

For non-aqueous work, IUPAC recommends the use of the ferrocene / ferrocenium couple as an internal standard.

General: Symbols for quantities should be chosen according to the international recommendations from ISO 80000, the IUPAP red book and the IUPAC green book.

This name was accepted by IUPAC on November 1, 2004 and approved by IUPAP on November 4, 2011.

Prior to 1959 both the IUPAP and IUPAC tended to use oxygen to define the mole, the chemists defining the mole as the number of atoms of oxygen which had mass 16 g, the physicists using a similar definition but with the oxygen-16 isotope only.

Unlike other CC's, its memebership is made up of nominees from other prominent national and international bodies such as International Organization for Standardization ( ISO ), National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST ), National Physical Laboratory ( NPL ), International Astronomical Union ( IAU ), International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC ) and International Union of Pure and Applied Physics ( IUPAP ).

In 1992, the IUPAC Trans-fermium Working Group ( TWG ) officially recognized the nuclear physics teams at Dubna and Berkeley as the co-discoverers of lawrencium.

In May 2009, the Joint Working Party ( JWP ) of IUPAC published a report on the discovery of copernicium in which they acknowledged the discovery of the isotope < sup > 283 </ sup > Cn.

In 1992, the IUPAC Trans-fermium Working Group officially recognized element 103, confirmed its naming as lawrencium, with symbol " Lr ", and named the nuclear physics teams at Dubna and Berkeley as the co-discoverers of lawrencium.

A Group 6 element is one in the series of elements in group 6 ( IUPAC style ) in the periodic table, which consists of the transition metals chromium ( Cr ), molybdenum ( Mo ), tungsten ( W ), and seaborgium ( Sg ).

In modern IUPAC notation, it is called Group 14.

In the old IUPAC and CAS systems, it was called Group IVB and Group IVA, respectively.

In modern IUPAC notation, it is called Group 15.

In the old IUPAC and CAS systems, it was called Group V and Group V, respectively ( pronounced " group five B " and " group five A ", " V " for the Roman numeral 5 ).

In the modern IUPAC nomenclature, Group 4 of the periodic table contains titanium ( Ti ), zirconium ( Zr ), hafnium ( Hf ) and rutherfordium ( Rf ).

In the modern IUPAC nomenclature, Group 5 of the periodic table contains vanadium ( V ), niobium ( Nb ), tantalum ( Ta ) and dubnium ( Db ).

A Group 7 element is one in the series of elements in group 7 ( IUPAC style ) in the periodic table, which consists of manganese ( Mn ), technetium ( Tc ), rhenium ( Re ), and bohrium ( Bh ).

A Group 8 element is one in the series of elements in group 8 ( IUPAC style ) in the periodic table, which consists of the transition metals iron ( Fe ), ruthenium ( Ru ), osmium ( Os ) and hassium ( Hs ).

" Group 8 " is the new IUPAC name for this group ; the old style name was " group VIIIA " in the old European system or " group VIIIB " in the old US system.

In modern IUPAC nomenclature, Group 9 of the periodic table contains the elements cobalt ( Co ), rhodium ( Rh ), iridium ( Ir ), and meitnerium ( Mt ).

A Group 10 element is one in the series of elements in group 10 ( IUPAC style ) in the periodic table, which consists of the d-block transition metals nickel ( Ni ), palladium ( Pd ), platinum ( Pt ), and darmstadtium ( Ds ).

A further 18 elements have been recognised by IUPAC after they have been made in the laboratory.

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC ) officially recognised the name nobelium following the Berkeley results.

The later, transactinide elements have only been identified in laboratories in batches of a few atoms at a time: of these, ununtrium, ununpentium and those beyond livermorium have not been recognised by the IUPAC.

It is estimated that it requires around 10 < sup >− 14 </ sup > s for the nucleons to arrange themselves into nuclear shells, at which point the compound nucleus becomes an nuclide, and this number is used by IUPAC as the minimum half-life a claimed isotope must have to potentially be recognised as being discovered.

In 2011, IUPAC evaluated the 2006 results of the Dubna-Livermore collaboration and concluded: " The three events reported for the Z = 118 isotope have very good internal

For purposes of international communication and trade, the official names of the chemical elements both ancient and more recently recognized are decided by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC ), which has decided on a sort of international English language, drawing on traditional English names even when an element's chemical symbol is based on a Latin or other traditional word, for example adopting " gold " rather than " aurum " as the name for the 79th element ( Au ).

The priority of the discovery and therefore the naming of the element was disputed between Soviet and American scientists, and it was not until 1997 that International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC ) established Soviet team priority and a compromise name of dubnium as the official name for the element.

The ideas that were formulated in that conference evolved into the official IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry.

Since this time, IUPAC has been the official organization held with the responsibility of updating and maintaining official organic nomenclature.

Not everyone agreed, and while many leading chemical societies and government organizations refer to it by the official IUPAC name, many leading metallurgists, metal societies, and the United States Geological Survey still refer to the metal by the original " columbium ".

The priority of the discovery and therefore the naming of the element was disputed between Soviet and American scientists, and it was not until 1997 that International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC ) established rutherfordium as the official name for the element.

All of these hypothetical undiscovered elements are named by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC ) systematic element name standard which creates a generic name for use until the element has been discovered, confirmed, and an official name approved.

* Pure and Applied Chemistry, the official monthly journal of IUPAC

Catechol, resorcinol, pyrogallol, and phloroglucinol, all di-and trihydroxylated benzene ( C6 ) derivatives, are still defined as “ phenols ” according to the IUPAC official nomenclature rules of chemical compounds.

For ordinary communication, to spare a tedious description, the official IUPAC naming recommendations are not always followed in practice, except when it is necessary to give a concise definition to a compound, or when the IUPAC name is simpler ( e. g. ethanol instead of ethyl alcohol ).

All of these hypothetical undiscovered elements are named by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC ) systematic element name standard which creates a generic name for use until the element has been discovered, confirmed, and an official name approved.