The city remained a Free Imperial City, subject to the Emperor only, but was politically far too weak to influence the policies of any of its neighbours.

On 7 August, therefore, the first of Baden's 15, 000 Imperial troops ( the remainder following two days later ) left Marlborough's main force to besiege the heavily defended city of Ingolstadt, farther down the Danube.

The palace of Blachernae in the north-west of the city became the main Imperial residence, with the old Great Palace on the shores of the Bosporus going into decline.

After Henry's fall from power in 1181, the town became an Imperial city for eight years.

The city was granted a charter in 1274 by Rudolf I of Habsburg, King of Germany, who declared the city an Imperial Free City in 1291 ; nevertheless the bishop of Speyer, a major landowner in the district, seized the city in 1324.

Once a year, the fraternity meets for the Imperial Council Session in a major North American city.

Emperor Maximilian wrote a letter of pardon, but it was rejected by the council of the Imperial free city Nuremberg as meddling in its internal affairs.

Zurich became an Imperial immediacy ( Reichsunmittelbar or Imperial free city ) in 1218 with the extinction of the main line of the Zähringer family and attained a status comparable to statehood.

** The city of Khiva falls to Imperial Russian forces, under the command of General Konstantin Petrovich Von Kaufman.

* May 10 – Thirty Years ' War: After a two month siege, an Imperial army under the command of Tilly storms the German city of Magdeburg and brutally sacks it, massacring over 20, 000 inhabitants.

* August 7 – The Ming Dynasty Chinese military general Cao Qin stages a coup against the Tianshun Emperor ; after setting fire to the eastern and western gates of the Imperial City ( Beijing ) ( which are doused by pouring rains during the day-long uprising ), Cao Qin finds himself hemmed in on all sides by imperial forces, loses three of his own brothers in the fight, and instead of facing execution he flees to his home in the city and commits suicide by jumping down a well located within his walled compound.

* 1272 – The city of Strasbourg becomes an Imperial Free City of the Holy Roman Empire.

French Imperial rule of the city in the early 19th century produced several fine Neoclassical structures and mansions, Many of these are located in the Corso Venezia district, including Villa Reale or Villa del Belgiojoso, built by Leopoldo Pollack in 1790.

Partly destroyed by natural disasters and rebuilt several times during the following 200 years, and hit by Caragea's plague in 1813 – 1814, the city was wrested from Ottoman control and occupied at several intervals by the Habsburg Monarchy ( 1716, 1737, 1789 ) and Imperial Russia ( three times between 1768 and 1806 ).

* April 16 – Pedro de Valdivia founds the city of La Imperial, Chile.

Wenceslaus was born in the Imperial city of Nuremberg, the son of Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV by his third wife Anna von Schweidnitz, a scion of the Silesian Piasts, and baptized at St. Sebaldus Church.

Otto III also sought to reestablish Imperial control over the city of Rome, which had revolted under the leadership of Crescentius II, and through it the papacy.

In 1001, the people of the Italian city of Tibur revolted against Imperial authority.

Following the New Year, Otto II led his Imperial court to Rome, reaching the city on February 9, 981, where the Emperor restored Pope Benedict VII to his papal throne without difficulty.

Otto II proceeded to hold court in Rome, making the city his Imperial capital, where he received princes and nobles from all parts of western Europe.

Otto II and his wife Theophanu enhanced the spiritual importance of the city by establishing a Benedictine Imperial abbey there: the Memleben Abbey.

Informed of the Muslim retreat, Otto II left his wife Theophanu and young son Otto III ( along with the Imperial treasury ) in the city and marched his army to pursue the Muslim force.

It was the 7th Cavalry whose troopers were charged with guarding the Imperial Palace of the Emperor.

Imperial Aramaic was highly standardised ; its orthography was based more on historical roots than any spoken dialect and was inevitably influenced by Old Persian.

After the fall of the Achaemenid Empire, the unity of the Imperial Aramaic script was lost, diversifying into a number of descendant cursives.

The Sir Alexander Fleming Building on the South Kensington campus was opened in 1998 and is now one of the main preclinical teaching sites of the Imperial College School of Medicine.

Achaemenid Assyria ( 539 BC – 330 BC ) retained a separate identity ( Athura ), official correspondence being in Imperial Aramaic, and there was even a determined revolt of the two Assyrian provinces of Mada and Athura in 520 BC.

In July 1520 Dürer made his fourth and last major journey, to renew the Imperial pension Maximilian had given him and to secure the patronage of the new emperor, Charles V, who was to be crowned at Aachen.

There is evidence it was used as early as the Roman Imperial period, and as recently as the American Civil War.

Berlin's previous history as united Germany's capital was strongly connected with Imperial Germany, and more ominously with Nazi Germany.

After Gott was killed flying back to Cairo Churchill was persuaded by Brooke, who by this time was Chief of the Imperial General Staff to appoint Montgomery, who had only just been nominated to replace Alexander as commander of the British ground forces for Operation Torch.

Marsin had been operating with the Elector of Bavaria against the Imperial commander, Prince Louis of Baden, and was somewhat isolated from France: his only lines of communication lay through the rocky passes of the Black Forest.

Biological sabotage – in the form of anthrax and glanders — was undertaken on behalf of the Imperial German government during World War I ( 1914 – 1918 ), with indifferent results.

The Balfour Declaration of 1926, a report resulting from the 1926 Imperial Conference of British Empire leaders in London, was named after the British statesman Arthur Balfour, first Earl of Balfour, Lord President of the Council and a previous Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

Finally, in the German Imperial War Council of 8 December 1912 the consensus was that Germany would not be ready for war until at least mid-1914 and passed notes to that effect to the Habsburgs.

Charles Louis Napoléon ( 1808 – 1873 ), son of Louis Napoléon, was president of France in 1848 – 1852 and emperor in 1852 – 1870, reigning as Napoléon III ; his son, Eugène Bonaparte ( 1856 – 1879 ), styled the Prince Imperial, died fighting the Zulus in Natal, South Africa.

In 1495, Basel was incorporated in the Upper Rhenish Imperial Circle ; the Bishop of Basel was added to the Bench of the Ecclesiastical Princes.

The Imperial Eagle Standard was captured by the French.

Eventually, and long after the Imperial army had begun its retreat, the gallant Schiltron was ridden down and annihilated by a charge of three thousand men-at-arms.

Rome was too far from the frontiers, and hence from the armies and the Imperial courts, and it offered an undesirable playground for disaffected politicians.

Before their departure, the ship of the commander Belisarius was anchored in front of the Imperial palace, and the Patriarch offered prayers for the success of the enterprise.