At the age of 13, Hopper and his family moved to San Diego, where his mother worked as a lifeguard instructor and his father was a post office manager ( Hopper has acknowledged, though, that his father was in the Office of Strategic Services, the precursor to the Central Intelligence Agency, in China with Mao Zedong ).

Post-Cold War, the aims of GCHQ were set out by the Intelligence Services Act 1994.

In 1943 he transferred to the Office of Strategic Services ( OSS ), the precursor to the Central Intelligence Agency.

* Office of Strategic Services, World War II forerunner of the Central Intelligence Agency

The War Department took over the Secret Intelligence ( SI ) and Counter-Espionage ( X-2 ) Branches, which were then housed in a new office created for just this purpose — the Strategic Services Unit ( SSU ).

* Katz, Barry M. Foreign Intelligence: Research and Analysis in the Office of Strategic Services, 1942 – 1945 ( Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989 )

The Office of Strategic Services: America ’ s First Intelligence Agency ( Washington, D. C .: Central Intelligence Agency, 2001 )

* " The Office of Strategic Services: America's First Intelligence Agency "

Israel's Secret Wars: A History of Israel's Intelligence Services.

** Intelligence Services Act 2001 ( ISA )

** Intelligence Services Amendment Act 2004

The functions of ASIS can be found in section 6 of the Intelligence Services Act, as can those functions which are proscribed by the act.

On 27 June 2001, the Intelligence Services Act 2001 ( ISA ) was introduced into Parliament by then Minister for Foreign Affairs Alexander Downer, which proposed significant changes to the Australian Intelligence Community ( AIC ).

The Intelligence Services Act 2001 converted ASIS into a statutory body, headed by the Director General.

On 15 October 2003, the Intelligence Services Amendment Bill 2003 was introduced into Parliament by Foreign Minister Alexander Downer, as an amendment to the original Intelligence Services Act 2001 ( ISA ).

** Intelligence Services Act 2001 ( ISA )

** Intelligence Services Amendment Act 2004

A large portion of the history of ASIS was adapted from the Parliament of Australia Bills Digest No. 11 of 2001 – 02 of Intelligence Services Act 2001

His work was inspired and paralleled by the British psychiatrist William Sargant at St Thomas ' Hospital, London, and Belmont Hospital, Surrey, who was also involved in the Intelligence Services and who experimented extensively on his patients without their consent, causing similar long-term damage.

Services ; Executive & Foreign Intelligence Coordination ; International Economy Branch ; South Asia & Middle East Branch ; North Asia Branch ; Oceania Branch ; Open Source Centre ; Southeast Asia Branch ; Strategic Analysis Branch ; Transnational Issues Branch.

However, since the contras failed to win widespread popular support or military victories within Nicaragua, since opinion polls indicated that a majority of the U. S. public was not supportive of the contras, since the Reagan administration lost much of its support regarding its contra policy within Congress after disclosure of CIA mining of Nicaraguan ports, and since a report of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research commissioned by the State Department found Reagan's allegations about Soviet influence in Nicaragua " exaggerated ", Congress cut off all funds for the contras in 1985 by the third Boland Amendment.

** Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Legislation Amendment ( Terrorism ) Act 2002

In 1977, a U. S. district court ruled that a curriculum in TM and the Science of Creative Intelligence that was being taught in some New Jersey schools was religious in nature and in violation of the First Amendment.

The teaching of TM and the Science of Creative Intelligence in a New Jersey public school was stopped when a US court, in 1977, declared the movement to be religious, and ruled adoption of TM by public organisations in breach of the separation of church and state ( First Amendment ).

Finding in Mayfield's favor, Judge Aiken ruled that the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, as amended by the Patriot Act, " now permits the executive branch of government to conduct surveillance and searches of American citizens without satisfying the probable cause requirements of the Fourth Amendment ," which violates the Constitution of the United States.

The Boland Amendment was extended in October 1984 to forbid action by not only the Defense Department, but also to include the Central Intelligence Agency.

Boland's most famous work as a Congressman was the 1982 Boland Amendment, which blocked further funding of the Contras in Nicaragua after the Central Intelligence Agency had supervised acts of sabotage without notifying Congress.

He perhaps is best known today for his successful tenure as President of Hampden-Sydney College from 1992 – 2000 and earlier tour as Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency from May 1976-August 1977 ; for his foundational work in doctrine for small wars down at the lower end of the spectrum of conflict ( low intensity conflict ), where he coined the term " counterinsurgency " ( COIN ); and for facilitating the drafting and passage of the Nunn-Cohen Amendment to the Goldwater-Nichols Act creating the US Special Operations Command ( USSOCOM ) and the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low Intensity Conflict ( ASD / SOLIC ).

# redirect Intelligence Services Amendment Act 2004

The official seal of the CIA, however, may not be copied without permission as required by the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 ().

Before the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act was passed in the wake of the September 11 attacks, the FBI director would directly brief the President of the United States on any issues that arise from within the FBI.

It was established by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 ( FISA ).

In May 2007, a bill entitled the " Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act, or STOCK Act " was introduced that would hold congressional and federal employees liable for stock trades they made using information they gained through their jobs and also regulate analysts or " Political Intelligence " firms that research government activities.

* 1947 – Cold War: U. S. President Harry S. Truman signs the National Security Act of 1947 into United States law creating the Central Intelligence Agency, United States Department of Defense, United States Air Force, Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the United States National Security Council.

Next, the National Security Act of 1947 established the United States's first permanent peacetime intelligence agency, the Central Intelligence Agency, which then took up the functions of the OSS.

The Central Intelligence Agency supported a variety of covert actions designed to depose Saddam Hussein, while Congress approved the Iraq Liberation Act in 1998 aimed at providing Iraqi opposition groups with increased financial assistance.

* 1947 – The National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency were established in the United States under the National Security Act.

To protect the telecommunication carriers cooperating with the US government from legal action, the Congress passed a bill updating the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 to permit this type of surveillance.

Key acts changed were the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 ( FISA ), the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 ( ECPA ), the Money Laundering Control Act of 1986 and Bank Secrecy Act ( BSA ), as well as the Immigration and Nationality Act.

** Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979 ( ASIO Act )

* PDF Document: Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979 ( Commonwealth )

* PDF Document: Statement of Procedures – warrants issued under Division 3 of Part III of the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979.

Results from the other reports included the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979 and the establishment of the Office of National Assessments ( ONA ) and the passage of the Office of National Assessments Act 1977.