The original signatories were the 12 countries active in Antarctica during the International Geophysical Year ( IGY ) of 1957 – 58.

It began as a U. S. Army proposal to place a scientific satellite into orbit during the International Geophysical Year ; however, that proposal was rejected in favor of the U. S. Navy's Project Vanguard.

Jarvis was visited by scientists during the International Geophysical Year from July 1957 until November 1958.

* 1957 – The International Geophysical Year begins.

In 1954, JPL teamed up with Wernher von Braun ’ s rocketeers at the Army Ballistic Missile Agency ’ s Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama, to propose orbiting a satellite during the International Geophysical Year.

Van Allen of The University of Iowa during the research performed for the International Geophysical Year.

Following pressure by the American Rocket Society, the National Science Foundation, and the International Geophysical Year, military interest picked up and in early 1955 the Army and Navy were working on Project Orbiter, two competing programs, the army's which involved using a Jupiter C rocket, and the civilian / Navy Vanguard Rocket, to launch a satellite.

Sputnik 1 was launched during the International Geophysical Year from Site No. 1 / 5, at the 5th Tyuratam range, in Kazakh SSR ( now at the Baikonur Cosmodrome ).

In order to set a precedent for ' freedom of space " before the launch of America's secret WS-117L Spy Satellites the USA had launched Project Vanguard as its own " civilian " satellite entry for the International Geophysical Year.

** The International Geophysical Year begins.

Sputnik 1 was launched during the International Geophysical Year from Site No. 1 / 5, at the 5th Tyuratam range, in Kazakh SSR ( now at the Baikonur Cosmodrome ).

While geodesy and geophysics are separate fields, the two are so closely connected that many scientific organizations such as the American Geophysical Union, the Canadian Geophysical Union and the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics encompass both.

* Commission on Geophysical Risk and Sustainability ( GeoRisk ), International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics ( IUGG )

Explorer 1 ( 1958 Alpha 1 ) was the first Earth satellite of the United States, launched as part of its participation in the International Geophysical Year.

The U. S. Earth satellite program began in 1954 as a joint U. S. Army and U. S. Navy proposal, called Project Orbiter, to put a scientific satellite into orbit during the International Geophysical Year.

The discovery was considered to be one of the outstanding discoveries of the International Geophysical Year.

In 1955, the U. S. announced Project Vanguard as part of the US contribution to the International Geophysical Year, a project to launch an artificial satellite into an orbit around the Earth.

Memorial Postal Stamp of International Geophysical Year by Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications ( Japan ) | Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of Japan, 1957.

* In the concluding remarks of episode 25, season 3 of Alfred Hitchcock Presents titled " Flight to the East ", Hitchcock remarks to the audience, " Until then, good night and a happy International Geophysical Year to all of you.

* Documents regarding the International Geophysical Year, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library

Geophysical Year, International

* International Geophysical Year

The International Geophysical Year was inspired by the IPY and occurred 75 years after the first IPY ( 1957 – 58 ).

* See International Year of Natural Fibres 2009

Smithsonian at the Poles: Contributions to International Polar Year Science.

This proceedings volume features the research presented at the Smithsonian at the Poles symposium, convened as part of the International Polar Year 2007-2008.

The year 2011 was declared by the United Nations as the International Year of Chemistry.

2010 was the International Year of Biodiversity.

The Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity is the focal point for the International Year of Biodiversity.

* International Year of Biodiversity

* Studies on the " Cantigas de Santa Maria ": Art, Music, and Poetry: Proceedings of the International Symposium on the " Cantigas de Santa Maria " of Alfonso X, el Sabio ( 1221 – 1284 ) in Commemoration of Its 700th Anniversary Year – 1981.

In 1994, the group was named International Group of the Year at the BRIT Awards.

International " Best Cartoonist of the Year " awards include:

Most IHO publications, including the standards, guidelines and associated documents such as the International Hydrographic Review, International Hydrographic Bulletin, the Hydrographic Dictionary and the Year book are available to the general public free from the IHO website.

During the International Polar Year 1882-1883 the Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition stayed one year at Jan Mayen.

2007 was declared as the " International Rumi Year " by UNESCO.

That same year, Canada awarded them a Juno Award for " International LP of the Year.

1996 – 1997 was declared International Nasreddin Year by UNESCO.

Thus, the United Nations officially declared 2008 as the International Year of the Potato, to raise its profile in developing nations, calling the crop a " hidden treasure ".

This followed the International Rice Year in 2004.

* International Year of the Potato 2008