The Greek Revival façade facing Great Russell Street is a characteristic building of Sir Robert Smirke, with 44 columns in the Ionic order high, closely based on those of the temple of Athena Polias at Priene in Asia Minor.

The Composite order draws its name from the capital being a composite of the Ionic and Corinthian capitals.

18, showing the Tuscan order | Tuscan and Doric order | Doric orders ( top row ); two versions of the Ionic order | Ionic order ( center row ); Corinthian order | Corinthian and Composite order | Composite orders ( bottom row ).

Both the Doric and the Ionic order appear to have originated in wood.

Ionic order

The Ionic order is also marked by an entasis, a curved tapering in the column shaft.

This means that the Doric order was the order of the ground floor, the Ionic order was used for the middle story, while the Corinthian or the Composite order was used for the top story.

The Composite order is a mixed order, combining the volutes of the Ionic with the leaves of the Corinthian order.

Displaced populations escaped to former colonies of the Mycenaeans in Anatolia and elsewhere, where they came to speak the Ionic dialect.

Unlike the main entrance to the south, which came to be known as the House of Commons entrance, the new peers ' entrance used six Corinthian columns, at the request of peers who wished their entrance to be distinct from the Ionic columns of the main entrance.

The 22 granite columns with Ionic and Corinthian capitals that separate the nave from the aisles came from the ruins of the Baths of Caracalla, as did the lintel of the entrance door.

Its facade has a porch of widely-spaced paired Ionic columns between towers crowned by pyramidal spires. In 1581, Henri III and his mother Catherine de ' Medici came to the chapel to attend the baptism of the infant son of Charles, duc d ' Aumale.

The earliest examples of life-sized statues of Apollo, may be two figures from the Ionic sanctuary on the island of Delos.

File: BM, GNR ; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column ( Room 19 ). jpg | Room 19-Caryatid and Corinthian column from the Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, 421 BC

It was built in the Ionic order and consists of seven fluted columns, unusually carved from single pieces of stone ( most columns were constructed from a series of discs joined together ).

The element De-may be connected with Deo, a surname of Demeter probably derived from the Cretan word dea (), Ionic zeia () meaning " barley ", so that she is the Corn-Mother and the giver of food generally.

In the former role, it was later replaced in the classic Greek alphabet by Eta ( Η ), which was taken over from eastern Ionic alphabets, while in the latter role it was replaced by the digraph spelling ΕΙ.

Traditions which assert that he was blind may have arisen from the meaning of the word in both Ionic, where the verbal form ( homēreúō ) has the specialized meaning of " guide the blind ", and the Aeolian dialect of Cyme, where ( hómēros ) is synonymous with the standard Greek ( tuphlós ), meaning ' blind '.

The language used by Homer is an archaic version of Ionic Greek, with admixtures from certain other dialects, such as Aeolic Greek.

That result is a bit counter-intuitive since digamma was still a feature of the Boeotian dialect that Hesiod probably spoke, whereas it had already vanished from the Ionic vernacular of Homer.

** Ionic transfer, the transfer of ions from one liquid phase to another

With the general adoption of the Ionic alphabet, Greek settled on an angle at the top ; the Romans, borrowing from Western alphabets, put the angle at the lower left.

Aside from the complete rebuilding of the ancient church of Santa Maria in Trastevere, which boldly features Ionic capitals from former colonnades in the Baths of Caracalla and other richly detailed spolia from Roman monuments, the remaining years of this Pope's life were almost as barren of permanent political results as the first had been.

The presence of Doric Ionians is somewhat contradictory, but Herodotus himself, a major author of the Ionic dialect, was from a Doric city, Halicarnassus.

It has been thought that the Ionian migration from Greece carried with it some part of a population which retained the artistic traditions of the Mycenaean civilization, and so caused the birth of the Ionic school ; but whether this was so or not, it is certain that from the 8th century BC onwards we find the true spirit of Hellenic art, stimulated by commercial intercourse with eastern civilizations, working out its development chiefly in Ionia and its neighbouring isles.

The word " machine " is derived from the Latin word machina, which in turn derives from the Doric Greek μαχανά ( machana ), Ionic Greek μηχανή ( mechane ) " contrivance, machine, engine " and that from μῆχος ( mechos ), " means, expedient, remedy ".

In Greek mythology, Adrasteia ( Greek: Ἀδράστεια ( Ionic Greek: Ἀδρήστεια ), " inescapable "; also spelled Adrastia, Adrastea, Adrestea, Adastreia ) was a nymph who was charged by Rhea with nurturing the infant Zeus, in secret in the Dictaean cave, to protect him from his father Cronus ( Krónos ).

The Ionic columns normally stand on a base which separates the shaft of the column from the stylobate or platform ; The cap is usually enriched with egg-and-dart.

Below the volutes, the Ionic column may have a wide collar or banding separating the capital from the fluted shaft, as at Castle Coole.

Rather, the Doric and Ionic orders seem to have appeared at around the same time, the Ionic in eastern Greece and the Doric in the west and mainland.

It was used as an addition to the classical 24-letter alphabet in some eastern Ionic dialects of ancient Greek in the 6th and 5th centuries BC, to denote some type of a sibilant sound, probably or.

Three ancient orders of architecture — the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian — originated in Greece.

* 499 BC: Aristagoras instigates the Ionic Revolt, beginning the Persian Wars between Greece and Persia

But like the Amphictyonic league in Greece, the Ionic was rather of a sacred than a political character ; every city enjoyed absolute autonomy, and, though common interests often united them for a common political object, they never formed a real confederacy like that of the Achaeans or Boeotians.

The classical orders – Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian – have meaning in the stylistic history of 5th century BC Greece, shifting to the developments in 1st century AD Gaul, with the styles revived over and over again since then.

Dodona ( Doric Greek: Δωδώνᾱ, Dōdṓnā, Ionic and Attic Greek: Δωδώνη, Dōdṓnē ) in Epirus in northwestern Greece, was an oracle devoted to a Mother Goddess identified at other sites with Rhea or Gaia, but here called Dione, who was joined and partly supplanted in historical times by the Greek god Zeus.

The Ionic order column was being practiced in mainland Greece in the 5th century BC.

When the ordinary citizen of Ancient Greece read inscriptions and the educated Greek read literature, what they saw was an all upper case Ionic alphabet: Α, Β, Γ, Δ, etc.

With a newfound access to Greece, archaeologist-architects of the period studied the Doric and Ionic orders, examples of which can be found in Russia, Poland, Lithuania and Finland ( where the assembly of Greek buildings in Helsinki city centre is particularly notable ).

The distribution of the Ionic Greek dialect in historic times indicates early movement from the mainland of Greece to the Anatolian coast to such sites as Miletus, Ephesus, and Colophon, perhaps as early as 1000 BC, though the contemporaneous evidence is scanty.

The tomb's exterior design features a Doric frieze and Ionic columns, both being styles originating in ancient Greece and introduced into Judah during the Seleucid Empire, centuries after the death of Absalom.

Ionic, therefore, became the primary literary language of ancient Greece until the ascendancy of Athens in the late 5th century.

In Ancient Greece, there are several different foot standards generally referred to in the literature as short, median and long, which give rise to the different architectural styles known as Ionic and Doric in discussions of the classical orders of architecture.

The Ionic order is based on fragments brought back from Greece by Henry Inwood and now in the British Museum.