The Irish have traditionally been involved in the building trade and transport particularly as dockers, following an influx of Irish workers, or navvies, who built the canal, road and rail networks in the 19th century.

* August 31 – Irish scientist Mary Ward is killed in a steam car accident, probably the world's first victim of a mechanically-propelled road vehicle.

Most Irish people see the battle as a major step on the road to the complete British colonisation of Ireland.

The three secondary schools are all located along the same stretch of road ( Ballyquin Road and Irish Green Street ), with Limegrove Special School opposite Limavady Grammar School, Termoncanice Primary opposite Limavady High School and St. Mary's High School.

It's a long road ahead, he says, but the committee aims to introduce and develop networks amongst Irish speakers in the interim before finalising detailed plans and developing the future Gaeltacht network for the county by 2016.

St. Mary's University College Belfast, also situated on Falls road is the only teaching college with a dedicated Irish Medium Unit.

In 1829, Sylvester Welch's Corps of Engineers was running the lines of the Allegheny Portage Railroad through Summerhill Township and they came across “… a little village which they marked on their map " Guinea ", an appellation which the Irish laborers who built the road adopted until the matter was made a subject of complaint to Fr.

Similar to European Gypsies and Irish Tinkers, they disdain hold life, choosing instead to live on the road, traveling from place to place.

Some historians have claimed that the garden front portico of Áras an Uachtaráin ( which can be seen by the public from the main road through the Phoenix Park ) was used as a model by Irish architect James Hoban, who designed the White House in Washington, D. C.

While the Church of Ireland community used the name ' Ardbraccan ' to refer to its parish, the nearby Roman Catholic parish in the 19th century opted to use a different name, Bohermeen, from the Irish An Bóthar Mín, meaning the smooth road, referring to a famous stretch of road that two thousand years before had passed through the neighbourhood and went to Tara, the occasional home of the High King of Ireland or Ard Rí.

However, some UK and Irish " traffic calming " schemes, particularly involving road narrowings, are viewed as extremely hostile and have been implicated directly in death and injury to cyclists.

The Gardaí and the Irish Army patrolled the area, preventing the IRA from gaining direct access but indirectly they acquired amounts including in the possession of Patrick Magee at the time of his arrest and discovered in a hijacked road tanker in January 1976.

Writing in The Irish Times, John G. O ' Dwyer summed up the situation as follows: " Trails often tiptoed timidly through the countryside, offering extended stretches of boringly unsafe road topped with boot burning bitumen.

The source of the river is located over above sea level in the Staffordshire moorlands, near to the Gritstone escarpment of the Roaches, and next to the A53 Leek to Buxton road and only a few hundred yards away from Black Brook which ultimately, through the Dane and Weaver, flows into the Irish Sea ; however the Churnet, through the Dove, Trent and Humber Estuary ultimately flows into the North Sea.

At the Kilmichael Ambush in 1920, 17 Auxiliaries were killed on the road between Macroom and Dunmanway by the local Irish Republican Army under Tom Barry.

The route heads north via Drogheda and Dundalk to the Northern Irish border just south of Newry in County Armagh, where it joins the A1 road and further on, the M1 motorway in Northern Ireland.

It also forms a significant part of the road connection between Dublin and the Northern Irish cities of Newry, and Lisburn.

The Republic's road signs are bilingual, using both official languages, Irish and English.

Bóthar is the most common term for ' road ' in modern Irish: its diminutive form, bóithrín, ( or boreen in English ) is used as a term for very narrow, rural roads.

Its English name is a corruption of an ancient Irish language name, An Bóthar Mín, which meant the smooth road.

He was influenced by music from a young age, ranging from the Irish songs his father listened to, to the music of the church across the road, to the various radio stations he was able to pick up on the family radiogram. While his family had a piano at home, he was the only member to not receive piano lessons, something he was grateful for in retrospect as it meant he was able to come to it without memories of strict lessons ..

State-owned Bus Éireann ( Irish Bus ) currently provides most bus services in the Republic of Ireland, outside Dublin, including an express coach network connecting most cities in Ireland, along with local bus services in the provincial cities.

The financial structure and the nature of the CBC often place it in the same category as other national broadcasters, such as the British broadcaster BBC, although unlike the BBC ( and more like the Irish network RTÉ ), the CBC employs commercial advertising to supplement its federal funding on its television broadcasts.

* Portlaoise stands at a major crossroads in the Irish roads ( major roads to Dublin, Limerick, Cork ) network although construction in the 1990s of the M7 motorway, which bypasses the town, has reduced traffic congestion in the town centre.

In that month, during the height of the Irish War of Independence, twelve members of the Dublin Brigade of the IRA took part in an attack on British agents living in Dublin, whose names and addresses had been leaked to Collins by his network of spies.

Despite NTL Ireland turning a profit, in May 2005, NTL sold their Dublin, Galway, and Waterford cable business ( which they had acquired in 1999 for € 825 million from the Irish government ) to UGC Europe for € 325 million — this after having spent in excess of € 100 million on network infrastructure ( i. e. making a gross loss of € 500 million-more than 50 %-over what they paid ).

Transport and communication was often along rivers and coasts, with the Irish Sea being a part of this network.

Most other major cities on the network were linked by trains with names which would become famous in railway circles including the " Thames-Clyde Express " between London St. Pancras and Glasgow St. Enoch, " The Palatine " between London St. Pancras and Manchester Central, " The Irish Mail " from London Euston to Holyhead and " The Pines Express " conveying portions from Liverpool and Manchester to Bournemouth.

Harrington performed as a vocalist in the Michael Flatley production Celtic Tiger and performs on the Irish radio station RTÉ 2fm and occasionally on the Irish television network Radio Telefís Éireann.

This prompted the appointment in 1978, by Mr John Bruton, T. D., of the Cospóir Long Distance Walking Routes Committee ( now the National Trails Advisory Committee of the Irish Sport Council ) to establish a national network of long-distance paths in Ireland.

At various stages of its operations, flights were operated to several Irish regional airports to feed passengers into Aer Lingus's international network.

In May 2009, the Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse released a 2, 000-page report recording claims from hundreds of Irish residents that they were physically, sexually, or emotionally abused as children between the 1930s and the 1990s in a network of state-administered and church-run residential schools meant to care for the poor, the vulnerable, and the unwanted.

* HEAnet ( Irish higher education network )

In 1986 Rogers sold their shares of Irish companies to the Irish state broadcaster ( RTÉ ) and state telecoms company ( Eircom ), these cable companies are now part of the UPC Ireland network.

Its main competitors are UPC Ireland ( which operates a cable TV & Broadband network ), Vodafone Ireland ( which bought BT Ireland's residential customer base on 22 July 2009 and is accessed through Eircom's network and BT Ireland's fibre ), Imagine Communications ( Irish Broadband & Gaelic Telecom ) and Magnet Networks and Smart Telecom, with a mix of LLU / GLUMP from Eircom and fibre.

Eircom has reportedly signed an out-of-court settlement with said companies and are initiating a program to clamp down on piracy, within their network, by instituting an IP monitoring service, accessible by the Irish Recorded Music Association ( IRMA ) and allowing up to three warnings before disconnection of service.

* Cosa Meara Company of Irish Dance, an Irish dance college network

In this connection, it has been observed that the increasing number of Irish Catholics, priests and laity, in England, while certainly seen as good for Catholicism, is nevertheless a source of embarrassment for some of the more nationalistic English Catholics, especially when these Irishmen offer to remind their Christian brethren of this good.

Swift has his proposer further degrade the Irish by using language ordinarily reserved for animals.

Achill Irish still has many traces of Ulster Irish.

* 1869 – Chinese and Irish laborers for the Central Pacific Railroad working on the First Transcontinental Railroad lay 10 miles of track in one day, a feat which has never been matched.

However, the presence of a vigorous population of Celtic lineage, principally of Irish origin, has supported the creation of other celebrations of beer, often for marketing purposes, such as Saint Patrick's Day ( Día de San Patricio ), patron of Ireland, which is celebrated with abundant libations.

To avoid the ambiguity of the term British, and to more emphatically associate the team's identity with both the United Kingdom and Ireland, from the 2001 tour of Australia the name British and Irish Lions has been used.

Since the early 20th century it has been commonly accepted that Old Irish Bel ( l ) taine is derived from a Common Celtic * belo-te ( p ) niâ, meaning " bright fire " ( where the element * belo-might be cognate with the English word bale in ' bale-fire ' meaning ' white ' or ' shining '; compare Anglo-Saxon bael, and Lithuanian / Latvian baltas / balts, found in the name of the Baltic ; in Slavic languages byelo or beloye also means ' white ', as in Беларусь ( White Russia or Belarus ) or Бе ́ лое мо ́ ре Sea ).

It has also been suggested that 19th-century bunyip lore was reinforced by imported European memories, such as that of the Irish Púca.

" Boudica has also been the primary subject of songs by Irish singer / songwriter Enya, Dutch soprano Petra Berger, Scottish singer / songwriter Steve McDonald, English metal band Bal-Sagoth, Faith and the Muse and Dreams in the Witching House.

Irish bankruptcy law has been the subject of significant recent comment, from both government sources and the media, as being in need of reform.

The incident has been commemorated by Irish band, U2, in their 1983 protest song " Sunday Bloody Sunday ".

The definition is further complicated by the fact that Irish independence has allowed Ireland to promote ' Celtic ' music as a specifically Irish product.

Later, beginning in 1982 with The Pogues ' invention of Celtic folk-punk and Stockton's Wing blend of Irish traditional and Pop, Rock and Reggie, there has been a movement to incorporate Celtic influences into other genres of music.

In the past Fidel Castro has expressed support for the Irish Republican cause of a United Ireland.

Coleman is a flute player and has taken several flutes with her to the ISS, including a pennywhistle from Paddy Moloney of The Chieftains, an old Irish flute from Matt Molloy of The Chieftains, and a flute from Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull.

Eilean Domhnuill has produced radiocarbon dates ranging from 3650 to 2500 BC while Irish crannogs appear from middle Bronze Age layers at Ballinderry ( 1200 – 600 BC ).

The idea that this gathering agreed to uphold Irish laws governing the church has suggested that it was an important step in the gaelicisation of the lands east of Druim Alban.

The Dayton Celtic Festival attracts more than 30, 000 people yearly and has Irish dancing, food, crafts, and performers such as Gaelic Storm.

Since the beginning of Norman rule in the 12th century, the city has functioned as the capital in varying geopolitical entities: Lordship of Ireland ( 1171 – 1541 ), Kingdom of Ireland ( 1541 – 1800 ), island as part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( 1801 – 1922 ), and the Irish Republic ( 1919 – 1922 ).

It has been the home of the Irish parliament since the creation of the Irish Free State in 1922.

The Irish public administration and management training centre has its base in Dublin, the Institute of Public Administration provides a range of undergraduate and post graduate awards via the National University of Ireland and in some instances, Queen's University Belfast.

Recent popularity has been increased with the Irish Wolfhound's success in the Rugby League World Cup which was held in Australia in 2008.