The word " electron " was coined in 1891 by the Irish physicist George Stoney whilst analyzing elementary charges for the first time.

Since the early 20th century it has been commonly accepted that Old Irish Bel ( l ) taine is derived from a Common Celtic * belo-te ( p ) niâ, meaning " bright fire " ( where the element * belo-might be cognate with the English word bale in ' bale-fire ' meaning ' white ' or ' shining '; compare Anglo-Saxon bael, and Lithuanian / Latvian baltas / balts, found in the name of the Baltic ; in Slavic languages byelo or beloye also means ' white ', as in Беларусь ( White Russia or Belarus ) or Бе ́ лое мо ́ ре Sea ).

Kenneth Jackson concludes, based on later development of Welsh and Irish, that it derives from the Proto-Celtic feminine adjective * boudīka, " victorious ", derived from the Celtic word * bouda, " victory " ( cf.

The term baccalaureus is a pun combining the prosaic baccalarius with bacca lauri ' " laurel berry "— according to the American Heritage Dictionary, " bacca " is the Old Irish word for " farmer " + laureus, " laurel berry ," the idea being that a " baccalaureate " had farmed ( cultivated ) his mind.

The Irish word derives from Old Irish, which referred to a wooden structure or vessel, stemming from crann, which means " tree ", plus a diminutive ending — literally " young tree ".

This is the first use of the word Albania, the Latin form of the Old Irish Alba, in the Chronicle which until then describes the lands ruled by the descendants of Cináed as Pictavia.

In modern Irish, the word for the colour brown is " donn ".

One etymology asserts it is derived from the root of the Irish word gob or gab ( mouth ), which the same source asserts is the root of jabber, gibber and gobble.

The terms geab and geabaire are certainly Irish words but the phrase " geab ar ais " does not exist, and the word gibberish exists as a loan-word in Irish as gibiris, defined by Ó Dónaill as " Gibberish.

Although Irish and Manx are often referred to as Irish Gaelic and Manx Gaelic ( as they are Goidelic or Gaelic languages ), the use of the word Gaelic is unnecessary because the terms Irish and Manx, when referring to language, only ever refer to these languages, whereas Scots has come to refer to a Germanic language, and therefore " Scottish " can refer to things not at all Gaelic.

In Irish there is a word cílí meaning sly.

Alternatively, the word may be derived from an Irish word for a wooden anchor.

According to the Austin Hockey Association, the word puck is derived from the Scottish Gaelic word " puc " or the Irish word " poc ," meaning to poke, punch or deliver a blow.

The Irish language word for " session " is seisiún.

A further exception occurs in the case of those counties created after 1994 which often drop the word county entirely, or use it after the name ; thus for example internet search engines show many more uses ( on Irish sites ) of " Fingal " than of either " County Fingal " or " Fingal County ".

Loch (, also the non-standard but common ), is the Scottish Gaelic and Irish word for a lake or a sea inlet.

Lowland Scots orthography, like Scottish Gaelic and Irish, represents with ch, so the word was borrowed with identical spelling.

As an American Catholic of Irish ancestry, I came with certain preconceptions and expectations ; ;

Historians identify several waves of migration to the United States: one from 1815 – 1860, in which some five million English, Irish, Germanic, Scandinavian, and others from northwestern Europe came to the United States ; one from 1865 – 1890, in which some 10 million immigrants, also mainly from northwestern Europe, settled, and a third from 1890 – 1914, in which 15 million immigrants, mainly from central, eastern, and southern Europe ( many Austrian, Hungarian, Turkish, Lithuanian, Russian, Jewish, Greek, Italian, and Romanian ) settled in the United States.

Montgomery came to the conclusion that the conflict could not be won without harsh measures, and that self-government was the only feasible solution ; in 1923, after the establishment of the Irish Free State and during the Irish Civil War, Montgomery wrote to Colonel Arthur Percival of the Essex Regiment:

However, repeal of the Corn Laws came too late to stop Irish famine, partly because it was done in stages over three years.

British settlement of the Maritimes, as the colonies of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island came to be known, accelerated throughout the late 18th century and into the 19th century with significant immigration to the region as a result of Scottish migrants displaced by the Highland Clearances and Irish escaping the Great Irish Famine ( 1845-1849 ).

By 2006, such was the confusion from these multiple Acts, each amending the others ( and not all of which were ever actually commenced and thus were in the public record but not enforced as actual legislation ); and the amendments of Irish firearms legislation by other Acts ranging from the Wildlife Acts ( mostly relating to hunting law ) to the Road Traffic Acts ( relating to how and where firearms could be transported ) and others ; the large amount of secondary legislation ( Statutory Instruments, which set out regulations, the design of application forms for licences and so forth, as well as the details of when various parts of the Acts came into force ); as well as the introduction of EU firearms law into the canon of Irish legislation ; led the Irish Law Reform Commission to recommend that all the extant legislation be restated a legal process by which all the existing primary and secondary legislation would be read as one and a single document produced as the new Firearms Act ( and all prior Acts would be repealed ).

The Irish first came over in large numbers as convicts ( 50, 000 were transported between 1791 and 1867 ), to be used as free labour ; even larger numbers of free settlers came during the 19th century, partly due to the Donegal Relief Fund.

An unexpected olive branch came from King George V, who, in a speech in Belfast called for reconciliation on all sides, changed the mood and enabled the British and Irish Republican governments to agree to a truce.

In the wake of the Irish financial crisis, the party came under pressure to withdraw its support for the administration.

According to Adomnán, writing about a century after the events he described, the Irish monk Saint Columba was staying in the land of the Picts with his companions when he came across the locals burying a man by the River Ness.

The first organized police force in Ireland came about through the Peace Preservation Act of 1814, but the Irish Constabulary Act of 1822 marked the true beginning of the Royal Irish Constabulary.

Gregory's greatest success came in his patronage of colleges and seminaries which he founded on the Continent for the Irish and English, among others.

Numerous Anglo-Saxon and Irish monks came to copy manuscripts.

Apart from these creative writers, much of the impetus for the Revival came from the work of scholarly translators who were aiding in the discovery of both the ancient sagas and Ossianic poetry and the more recent folk song tradition in Irish.

In Christian times it came to be viewed as a sort of Cornish Sodom and Gomorrah, an example of divine wrath provoked by unvirtuous living, although the parallels were limited in that Lyonesse remained in Cornish thought very much a mystical and mythical land, comparable to the role of Tir na nÓg in Irish mythology.

Henry also came to an arrangement with Anne's Irish cousin and created him Earl of Ormond.

Behn's story was adapted for the stage by Irish playwright Thomas Southerne, who stressed its sentimental aspects, and as time went on, it came to be seen as addressing the issues of slavery and colonialism, remaining very popular throughout the 18th century.

McLoughlin was born in Rivière-du-Loup, Quebec, of Irish ( his grandfather came from Sharagower in the Inishowen peninsular of County Donegal ), Scottish, and French Canadian descent.

He had a round, frank Irish face, creased in a jovial grin that stayed bleakly in place even when he was pumping bullets into someone's body.

It happened at the St. Patrick's Day party, a big affair for a regiment which had gone into battle for over three-quarters of a century to the strains of an Irish march.

Then there are a pair of old biddies played by Grace Carney and Sibly Bowan who may be right off the shelf of stock Irish characters, but they put such a combination of good will and malevolence into their parts that they're quite entertaining.

* 1886 – William Ewart Gladstone introduces the first Irish Home Rule Bill into the British House of Commons.

With support from Colonel Blood's batteries, the Hessian, Hanoverian and Dutch infantry – now commanded by Count Berensdorf – succeeded in pushing the French and Irish infantry back into Oberglauheim so that they could not again threaten Churchill's flank as he moved against Tallard.

Among these actions were the Seven Years ' War, the American Revolutionary War, the Napoleonic Wars, the First and Second Opium Wars, the Boxer Rebellion, the New Zealand land wars, the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857, the First and Second Boer Wars, the Fenian raids, the Irish War of Independence, its serial interventions into Afghanistan ( which were meant to maintain a friendly buffer state between British India and the Russian Empire ), and the Crimean War ( to keep the Russian Empire at a safe distance by coming to Turkey's aid ).

The Provisional Irish Republican Army's ( IRA ) campaign against the partition of Ireland had begun in the two years prior to Bloody Sunday, but public perceptions of the day boosted the status of, and recruitment into, the organisation enormously.

All eyewitnesses ( apart from the soldiers ), including marchers, local residents, and British and Irish journalists present, maintain that soldiers fired into an unarmed crowd, or were aiming at fleeing people and those tending the wounded, whereas the soldiers themselves were not fired upon.

Later, beginning in 1982 with The Pogues ' invention of Celtic folk-punk and Stockton's Wing blend of Irish traditional and Pop, Rock and Reggie, there has been a movement to incorporate Celtic influences into other genres of music.

The island's residents can be grouped into five main cultures ; Scottish, Mi ' kmaq, Acadian, Irish, and English, with respective languages Gaelic ( Scottish and Irish ), Mi ' kmaq, French, and English.

Early crochet hooks ranged from primitive bent needles in a cork handle, used by poor Irish lace workers, to expensively crafted silver, brass, steel, ivory and bone hooks set into a variety of handles, some of which were better designed to show off a lady's hands than they were to work with thread.

* 1922 – One year to the day after the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, the Irish Free State comes into existence.

Satellite image showing the River Liffey entering the Irish Sea as it divides Dublin into the Northside ( Dublin ) | Northside and the Southside ( Dublin ) | Southside.

The Volunteers and ICA recorded 64 killed in action, but otherwise Irish casualties were not divided into rebels and civilians.

In spite of this perceived opposition to Fine Gael from the left of the Irish political spectrum, the party, due to Dáil arithmetic, has never entered into national government without the backing of the Labour Party.

In 1910 he was initiated as an Apprentice Freemason into the Sphinx Lodge No 107 in Columbo, affiliated with the Irish Constitution.