The Jesuits recognized this and approached local rulers with offers of trade and exotic gifts.

The 16th century foundation was designed for 20 Jesuits, but the number soon approached 80, which resulted in problems with the finances of the schools and suitable number of school-rooms.

The Jesuits provided various kinds of support including military support to Kirishitan daimyo when they were threatened by non-Kirishitan daimyo.

Valignano survived the crisis by laying all the blame on Coelho, and in 1590, the Jesuits decided to stop intervening in the struggles between the daimyo and to disarm themselves.

Francis Xavier reached Japan on 27 July 1549, with Anjiro and three other Jesuits, but he was not permitted to enter any port his ship arrived at until 15 August, when he went ashore at Kagoshima, the principal port of the province of Satsuma on the island of Kyūshū.

Two great cities, Osaka and Sakaii, have been burned to the ground, each one almost as big as London, and not one house left standing, and it is reported above 300, 000 men have lost their lives, “ yet the old Emperor Ogusho Same hath prevailed and Fidaia Same either been slain or fled secretly away, that no news is to be heard of him .” Jesuits, priests, and friars are banished by the emperor and their churches and monasteries pulled down ; they put the fault on the arrival of the English ; it is said if Fidaia Same had prevailed against the emperor, he promised them entrance again, when without doubt all the English would have been driven out of Japan.

* 1593-The Franciscans arrive in Japan and establish St. Anna's hospital in Kyoto ; they dispute with the Jesuits.

Portugal, with its vast sea power, and the Catholic Church, principally through the Spanish Order of the Jesuits, have gained a foothold in Japan and seek to extend their power.

Alessandro Valignano, Visitor of the Society of Jesus in Asia, was one of the first Jesuits to argue, in the case of Japan, for an adaptation of Christian customs to the societies of Asia, through his Résolutions and Cérémonial.

Christianity had an impact on Japan, largely through the efforts of the Jesuits, led first by the Navarrese Saint Francis Xavier ( 1506 – 1552 ), who arrived in Kagoshima in southern Kyūshū in 1549.

Among those collections kept away from public view are the numerous blood-soaked garments from Jesuits martyred in Japan, the skull of Cardinal Morton, the ropes used to quarter St Edmund Campion SJ, the hairs of St Francis Xavier SJ, an enormous solid silver jewel-encrusted monstrance, the Wintour vestments, a cope made for Henry VII, and a thorn said to be from the crown of thorns placed upon Jesus ' head at the crucifixion.

Such a luxurious life and authoritarian attitudes among Jesuits in Japan were criticized not only by rival mendicant orders but also by some Jesuits.

In fact, Valignano remained in a minority within the Jesuits in Japan.

A decade later, there were 136 Jesuits in Japan with a caretaking staff of up to 300.

Portuguese ships began arriving in Japan in 1543, with Catholic missionary activities in Japan beginning in earnest around 1549, mainly by Portuguese-sponsored Jesuits until Spanish-sponsored mendicant orders, such as the Franciscans and Dominicans, gained access to Japan.

Of the 95 Jesuits who worked in Japan up to 1600, 57 were Portuguese, 20 were Spaniards and 18 Italian.

Portuguese-sponsored Jesuits under Alessandro Valignano took the lead in proselytizing in Japan over the objection of the Spaniards.

In rivalry with the Jesuits, Spanish-sponsored mendicant orders entered into Japan via Manila.

The Jesuits in Japan had to maintain economic self-sufficiency because they could not expect stable and sufficient payment from their patron, the King of Portugal, the king allowing the Jesuits to engage in trade with Japan.

For this reason, the office of procurator became an important post amongst the Jesuits in Japan.

Actually, Catholic power in his domain was trivial because he did not conquer western Japan, where the Jesuits were based.

In contrast to the Jesuits, the Dominicans, Franciscans, and Augustinians were openly preaching to the common peoples ; this caused Hideyoshi to become concerned that commoners with divided loyalties might lead to dangerous rebels like the Ikkō-ikki sect of earlier years ; this led to Hideyoshi putting the 26 Martyrs of Japan followers to death in 1597 on his order.

During the next 200 years, the Roman Catholic Church, especially the ascetic members of the Society of Jesus ( Jesuits ), influenced the colony more strongly than the governors who succeeded Irala.

He succeeded in passing the act abolishing the press censorship, and in persuading the king to sign the ordinances of 16 June 1828 on the Jesuits and the little seminaries.

In the eighteenth century, being expelled from the Jesuits, being Viceroy Pedro Mesia de la Zerda, were succeeded in their mission of evangelization by the Augustinian Recollect, who founded five centers catechists: Solitude of Cravo, Cuiloto San Javier, San Jose del Ele, Lipa San Joaquin and San Fernando de Arauca.

* His main concern however seems to have been his own country, Spain, where he succeeded in rooting out integrist tendencies among Jesuits in spite of the backing they were having from highly placed Vatican officials.

In the same year the Jesuits succeeded in securing his transfer to the little see of Osma in Old Castile.

Christians were allowed to openly celebrate Christmas, Easter and other such festivals, and the Jesuits were even given an allowance and gifts to carry on with their work, with a few Indians converting to Christianity.

* 1692-Chinese Kangxi Emperor permits the Jesuits to freely preach Christianity, converting whom they wish

The success of the Jesuits in converting the indigenous peoples to Catholicism is linked to their capacity to understand the native culture, especially the language.

In his view, to improve the Jesuits ' penetration rate into the country and their success at converting the locals, it was necessary first to learn to speak, read, and write the Chinese language.

Sensing the difficulties of converting adult Indians to Christianity, Nóbrega determined that the Jesuit's efforts should concentrate on the teaching of children, which were more pliable, and the Jesuits started to create elementary schools for teaching Portuguese and Latin, basic literacy and religion.

Many Catholics were tending towards converting to Protestantism for temporal gain, and in those areas where the Jesuits could operate, the Dutch Catholics were supported in their faith and some Calvinists reverted to Catholicism.

The idea was also supported by the Jesuits and other papal emissaries who never ceased entertaining the idea of converting Orthodox Russia to Catholicism.

Jahangir apparently allowed a Jesuit to teach some Indian boys Portuguese and elements of Christian doctrine, and the Jesuits were also allowed to open churches in Ahmedabad and Hooghly.

The reducciones, where the Jesuits sponsored orchestras, musical ensembles and actors ' troupes, and in which virtually all the profits derived from Indian labor were distributed to the laborers, earned praise from some of the leading lights of the French enlightenment, who were not predisposed to favor Jesuits.

On the other hand, the zelanti – the pro-Jesuit party among the cardinals – believed him secretly sympathetic towards the Jesuits, and expected some reparation for the alleged wrongs they suffered under the previous reign.

The Queen, who abhorred Calvinism, asked some of the Catholic nobles for advice, and it was suggested to call Father Abercromby, who, with some other Jesuits, was secretly working among the Scottish Catholics and winning many illustrious converts to the Church.

The Jesuits were seen as church's soldiers, and, in the view of some, given free rein to use whatever methods as outlined in the forged anti-Catholic document Monita Secreta, also known as the " Secret Instructions of the Jesuits " published ( 1612 and 1614 ) in Kraków, and were also accused of using casuistry to obtain justifications for the unjustifiable in their work ( See: formulary controversy ; Blaise Pascals ' Lettres Provinciales ).

The Swedes imported some from south China at about the same time and Jesuits had taken several to France from China by 1720.

Otto Faller and Professor Alois Grimm, he was among the first to arrive in the Black Forest, where the Jesuits opened Kolleg St. Blasien for some 300 students forced out of Austria.

The praise bestowed on the Jansenists in the Jugemens des savans brought down on Baillet the hatred of the Jesuits, and his Vie des saints, in which he brought his critical mind to bear on the question of miracles, caused some scandal.

Nicolas Fouquet was born in Paris to an influential family of the noblesse de robe and, after some preliminary schooling with the Jesuits at the age of 13, was admitted as avocat at the Parlement of Paris.

* Mister ( abbreviation Mr .), oral address often Mister — Catholic seminarians and scholastics ( members preparing for priesthood ) of some religious orders ( notably, Jesuits )

One century later, the Reduções of the southern Brazil, which were founded by Spaniard Jesuits, had a strong cultural development, where some music schools were founded.

Outside of the Visitandines, priests, religious, and laymen espoused the devotion, particularly the Capuchins, Margaret Mary's two brothers, and some Jesuits.

A third place was the missions of the Spanish Jesuits on the Paraná River, situated just above the Guaíra Falls in the north, there priests try to evangelize the Indians into their faith, and at the same time to create a social structure of labor and education based on the catholic systems, that some historians perceive as driven by social conscience, other by an agenda of the usual fight for domination of the land.

To resolve the China-Cathay controversy, the India Jesuits sent a Portuguese lay brother, Bento de Góis on an overland expedition north and east, with the goal of reaching Cathay and finding out once and for all whether it is China or some other country.

A conspiracy of nobles aimed at murdering King Joseph and the Marquis gave Pombal the opportunity ( some say, the pretext ) to get rid of the Távora family, and to expel the Jesuits in September 1759, thus gaining control of public education and a wealth of church lands and ushering Portugal, which had been a backwater dominated by the High Aristocracy and a very conservative brand of Catholicism, into the Enlightenment age.

He was in the fullness of his powers, his studies had fed his natural aversion to the principles of authority and ecclesiasticism, and at a moment when the revived activity of the Jesuits caused some real and more pretended alarm he was appointed to the chair of history at the Collège de France.

He afterwards lived for some years at Verona and Modena, and he had just been appointed professor of rhetoric there, when, in 1773, the order of Jesuits was abolished in Italy.

According to Pierre Bayle, he was almost killed by some Englishmen at Madrid in 1614, and again fearing for his life he left Germany for Italy in 1617, afterwards taking part in an attack upon the Jesuits.

He was educated at the Catholic University School ( CUS ) and by the Jesuits at Belvedere College in Dublin and later at Stonyhurst College, in Lancashire, where he acquired some military knowledge from the Officers ' Training Corps.

According to the Jesuits, the language of the " Yupi " people seemed to occupy an intermediate position between the Manchu language and that of the " Ketching " people ; some level of communication between the Yupi and the Ketching was possible.

However, the show was defended by some Catholics and had been written with the consultation of Jesuits, from which it later won the Humanitas Prize.

On the other hand, some refer to a convenient coincidence: with the conviction of the Távoras and the Jesuits, all enemies of Sebastião de Melo disappeared and the nobility were tamed.