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The Juan Fernández Islands ( Spanish: Archipiélago Juan Fernández ) are a sparsely inhabited island group reliant on tourism and fishing in the South Pacific Ocean, situated about off the coast of Chile, and is composed of three main volcanic islands ; Robinson Crusoe Island, Alejandro Selkirk Island and Santa Clara Island, the first two being formerly called Más Adentro and Más Afuera respectively.
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Juan and Fernández
An unruly youth, Selkirk joined several buccaneering expeditions to the South Seas, including one commanded by William Dampier, which called in for provisions at the Juan Fernández Islands off Chile.
In October 1704, after the ships had parted ways because of a dispute between Stradling and Dampier, the Cinque Ports was brought by Stradling to an island that is today known as Robinson Crusoe Island in the uninhabited archipelago of Juan Fernández off the coast of Chile for a mid-expedition restocking of supplies and fresh water.
Stradling declared that he would grant him his wish and leave him alone on Juan Fernández.
The Juan Fernández Islands archipelago
At the same time, the most western island of the Juan Fernández Islands was renamed Alejandro Selkirk Island although Selkirk probably never saw that island ( 97 miles west ).
During his stay on the Juan Fernández Islands, Slocum runs across a marker commemorating Selkirk's stay.
Category: Juan Fernández Islands
Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas and Easter Island.
Easter Island and Juan Fernández Archipelago, including Robinson Crusoe Island, are also major attractions.
**** Juan Fernández fur seal, A. philippii
The archipelago administratively belongs to Chile's Valparaíso Region ( which also includes Easter Island ), and more specifically forms one of the nine communes ( comunas ) of the Valparaíso Province named Juan Fernández.
The archipelago was discovered by chance on November 22, 1574, by the Spanish sailor Juan Fernández, who was sailing between Peru and Valparaíso and deviated from his planned course.
During the Maritime Fur Trade era of the early 19th century the islands were a source of fur seal skins, and the Juan Fernández fur seal was nearly driven to extinction.
On July 30, 2007, a constitutional reform gave the Juan Fernández Islands and Easter Island the status of special territories of Chile.
Image: SMS Dresden before scuttling. jpg | The Dresden before sinking into Juan Fernández
According to data from the 2002 Census of Population and Housing, the commune of Juan Fernández had 633 inhabitants ; of these, 598 ( 94. 5 %) lived in urban areas and 35 ( 5. 5 %) in rural areas.
The islands are volcanic in origin, and are usually attributed to the passing by of the Nazca Plate over the Juan Fernández hotspot which would have produced the Juan Fernández Ridge that extends into the Peru-Chile Trench at the latitude of Valparaíso Region in mainland South America.
The islands have according to most geologists been carried eastward off the hot spot forming the Juan Fernández Ridge as the Nazca Plate subducts under the South American continent.
Juan and Islands
On September 7, 2006, the CIA also merged the entries for Bassas da India, Europa Island, the Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, and Tromelin Island into a new Iles Eparses entry.
* Madagascar claims Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands and Juan de Nova Island
Landsat 7 image of clouds off the Chilean coast near the Juan Fernandez Islands on September 15, 1999, shows a unique pattern called a " Kármán vortex street ", caused by the height of the island's hills interacting with the wind.
There are 209 native species of vascular plants in the Juan Fernandez Islands, approximately 150 of which are flowering plants, and 50 are ferns.
The Juan Fernández Islands have a very limited fauna, with no native land mammals, reptiles, or amphibians.
As a commune, the Juan Fernández Islands are a third-level administrative division of Chile governed by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years.
* Index: Flora of the Juan Fernández Islands
* World Wildlife Fund: Juan Fernández Islands temperate forests ecoregion
* Human impact on vegetation of the Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile
* Juan Fernandez Islands – images
* Juan Fernández Islands website archive
Mauritius claims the entire Chagos Archipelago in the Indian Ocean ; claims the whole French-administered Tromelin Island, Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, and Juan de Nova Island
* 1574 – Discovery of the Juan Fernández Islands off Chile.
* June 15 – The so-called Pig War border dispute between the Americans and the British on the San Juan Islands begins by the death of the namesake pig.
* November 22 – The Juan Fernández Islands, in the South Pacific Ocean, are discovered by Spanish sailor Juan Fernández.
* Juan Ponce de León discovers the Turks and Caicos Islands.
Juan and Spanish
They headed in that direction and, at San Juan Capistrano By-the-Sea came upon Barco sitting in the quaint old Spanish Mission Drive-in, eating a hot tamale.
Alfonso XII ( born Alfonso Francisco de Asís Fernando Pío Juan María de la Concepción Gregorio Pelayo ) ( Madrid, 28 November 1857 – El Pardo, 25 November 1885 ) was King of Spain, reigning from 1874 to 1885, after a coup d ' état restored the monarchy and ended the ephemeral First Spanish Republic.
The Puerto Rican activist Julio Vizcarrondo had moved the Spanish Abolitionist Society from San Juan de Puerto Rico to Madrid at the request of premier Miguel Prim, himself a former Puerto Rico governor.
On 15 January 1941, Alfonso XIII abdicated his rights to the Spanish throne in favour of his third ( of four ), but second-surviving, son Juan, father of the current King, Juan Carlos.
* 1513 – Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León first sights land in what is now Florida.
* 1896 – Philippine Revolution: After Spanish victory in the Battle of San Juan del Monte, eight provinces in the Philippines are declared under martial law by the Spanish Governor-General Ramón Blanco y Erenas.
* 1892 – Juan Belmonte, Spanish bullfighter ( d. 1962 )
* 1797 – Sir Ralph Abercromby attacks San Juan, Puerto Rico in what would be one of the largest invasions of the Spanish territories in America.
* 2010 – Juan Antonio Samaranch, Spanish sports administrator ( b. 1920 )
* 1658 – Juan Eusebio Nieremberg, Spanish mystic ( b. 1595 )
* 1881 – Juan Ramón Jiménez, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1958 )
Diego de Almagro was born in the Spanish city signified by his last name, being the illegitimate son of Juan de Montenegro and Elvira Gutiérrez.
Meanwhile, Francisco Pizarro's brother, Juan Pizarro, had arrested Inca Manco Inca Yupanqui, further complicating Almagro's plans as it heavily increased the dissatisfaction of the Indians submitted to Spanish rule.
* Spanish foreign minister Juan Valera's Pepita Jimenez ( 1874 ) is writing in three sections, with the first and third being a series of letters, while the middle part is a narration by an unknown observer.
* 1568 – Juan Bautista Comes, Spanish composer ( d. 1643 )
Coincidentally, " Giancarlo " translates from Italian to Spanish as " Juan Carlos.
The Spanish commander, Juan Francisco Bodega y Quadra, was very cordial and he and Vancouver exchanged the maps they had made, but no agreement was reached ; they decided to await further instructions.
The detachment proved very effective supporting the advance of American forces at the Battle of San Juan Hill, where three of the Gatlings with swivel mountings were used with great success against the Spanish defenders.
During the American charge up San Juan and Kettle Hills, the three guns fired a total of 18, 000. 30 Army rounds in eight and one-half minutes ( an average of over 700 rpm per gun ) against Spanish troop positions along the crest of both hills, wreaking terrible carnage.
* 1980 – Juan Carlos Navarro, Spanish basketball player
* 2006 – Juan de Ávalos, Spanish sculptor ( b. 1911 )
* 1806 – Juan Crisóstomo Arriaga, Spanish composer ( d. 1826 )
* 1468 – Juan del Encina, Spanish composer, poet, and playwright ( d. 1530 )
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