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The Jurchen-founded Jin Dynasty was defeated by the Mongols, who then proceeded to defeat the Southern Song in a long and bloody war, the first war in which firearms played an important role.
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Jurchen-founded and Dynasty
* Later Jīn Dynasty, or Later Jinn Dynasty ( from 1616 ) ( 後金 ), later known as the Qing Dynasty ( from 1636 ), Jurchen-founded in Manchuria
Jin and Dynasty
* 325 – Crown Prince Jin Chengdi, age 4, succeeds his father Jin Mingdi as emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
** Emperor Ai of Jin, a Jin Dynasty ( 265-420 ) emperor
** Sima Ai, Jin Dynasty ( 265-420 ) imperial prince
Although the Three Kingdoms were reunified by the Jin Dynasty in 280, this structure was essentially the same until the Wu Hu uprising.
Taking advantage of civil war in the Jin Dynasty, the contemporary non-Han Chinese ( Wu Hu ) ethnic groups controlled much of the country in the early 4th century and provoked large-scale Han Chinese migrations to south of the Yangtze River.
Signaled by the collapse of East Jin Dynasty in 420, China entered the era of the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
Capitals: of the Song Dynasty, Kaifeng and Lin ' an ; of the Liao Dynasty, Shangjing, Nanjing, and Tokmok ; of the Jin Dynasty, Shangjing, Zhongdu, and Kaifeng ; of the Western Xia Dynasty, Yinchuan
In 1115, the Jurchen Jin Dynasty emerged to prominence, annihilating the Liao Dynasty in 10 years.
The Jin Dynasty took power over northern China and Kaifeng from the Song Dynasty, which moved its capital to Hangzhou ( 杭州 ).
The Southern Song Dynasty also suffered the humiliation of having to acknowledge the Jin Dynasty as formal overlords.
In the ensuing years, China was divided between the Song Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty and the Tangut Western Xia.
This included the use of gunpowder weapons, which played a large role in the Song Dynasty naval victories against the Jin in the Battle of Tangdao and Battle of Caishi on the Yangtze River in 1161.
Cavalry tactics in China were enhanced by the invention of the saddle-attached stirrup by at least the 4th century, as the oldest reliable depiction of a rider with paired stirrups was found in a Jin Dynasty tomb of the year 322 AD.
The Chinese tradition since the Jin Dynasty ( 3rd century AD ) that emperors of one dynasty would sponsor the writing of the official history of the immediately preceding dynasty has been cited in favor of an ethnically inclusive interpretation of history.
Jin and was
" Chinese Ambassador Cai Jin Biao rejected this explanation, and said that the visit was a violation of the One China Policy, to which Fiji had agreed when diplomatic relations were established in 1975, which would " sabotage relations between China and Fiji.
It was administratively part of Dongguan Prefecture in the Jin Dynasty ( 265 – 420 AD ), and alternated under the control of Nanhai and Dongguan in later dynasties.
In the Middle Ages, the Mongol Empire's campaign against China ( then comprising the Western Xia Dynasty, Jin Dynasty, and Southern Song Dynasty ) by Genghis Khan until Kublai Khan, who eventually established the Yuan Dynasty in 1271, with their armies was extremely effective, allowing the Mongols to sweep through large areas.
Shanghai is officially abbreviated ( Hù ) in Chinese ,< ref > Traditional Chinese: 滬 ; Shanghainese: Vu < sup > 2 </ sup >.</ ref > a contraction of ( Hù Dú, " Harpoon Ditch "), a 4th or 5th century Jin name for the mouth of Suzhou Creek when it was the main conduit into the ocean.
It was originally compiled during the Jin, Tang, and Song dynasties.
The church was led by Moon until his death on September 3, 2012, at which time, it was reported that his wife Hak Ja Han and their sons Hyung Jin Moon and Kook Jin Moon would assume the leadership of the church.
After Moon's death on September 3, 2012, it was reported that Han, Hyung Jin, and Kook Jin Moon would take over the leadership of the church.
The conquest of Wu by the Western Jin Dynasty ended the Three Kingdoms period, and China was unified again.
* The first dependable representation of a horse rider with paired stirrups was found in China in a Jin Dynasty tomb ( China ).
The Hanoi area formerly held by the Han and Jin dynasties was easily recovered from the local ruler in 602.
The later part of this period was marked by the collapse of the tripartite situation: first the conquest of Shu by Wei ( 263 ), then the overthrow of Wei by the Jin Dynasty ( 265 ), and the destruction of Wu by Jin ( 280 ).
However, the Jin Dynasty's census was far less complete than the Han census, so these figures are in question.
Court eunuch Jian Shuo planned to kill General-in-Chief He Jin, a relative of the imperial family, and to replace the crown prince Liu Bian with his younger brother Liu Xie, the Prince of Chenliu ( in present-day Kaifeng ), though his plan was unsuccessful.
The aggressive statesman Fan Sui ( 范雎 ), however, soon came to power as prime minister even as the problem of the succession was resolved, and he began an expansionist policy that had originated in Jin and Qi, which prompted the Qin to attempt to conquer the other states.
While Mao's leadership was pivotal at the start of the movement, Jin Qiu contends that as events progressed it deviated significantly from Mao's utopian vision.
A treaty between Jin, Chu and some other kingdoms was signed.
Jin and defeated
* The Battle of Fei River-Former Qin forces are defeated by the numerically inferior Eastern Jin army, preserving the Jin state in the south and precipitating the destruction of Former Qin in the north.
* Chinese troops of the Jin Dynasty are defeated by Former Yan of the Xianbei.
* 595 BC — in Zhou Dynasty China, the State of Jin was defeated by the State of Chu in the Battle of Bi.
Both in 1129 – 30 and in 1161 Jin forces were defeated by the Southern Song navies when trying to cross the Yangtze River into the core Southern Song territory ( see Battle of Tangdao and Battle of Caishi ), even though for the latter campaign the Jin had equipped a large navy of their own, using Chinese shipbuildiers and even Chinese captains who had defected from the Southern Song.
After Former Qin's emperor Fu Jiān was defeated by Jin forces at the Battle of Fei River in his failed bid to unify China, the Former Qin state began to break apart.
After King Helü of Wu died during an invasion of Yue in 496 BC, his son, King Fuchai of Wu nearly destroyed the Yue state, defeated Qi, threatened Jin.
The Jin and Tatar armies defeated the Mongols in 1161.
Guan Yu was defeated by Yue Jin outside the city walls.
In the ensuing battle, many of his best generals, such as Zhang He and Yu Jin, were defeated by Ma Chao single handedly.
The Battle of Fei River or “ Feishui ” () was a battle in 383, where Fu Jiān () of the Di Former Qin Empire was decisively defeated by the numerically inferior Jin ( Han Chinese-lead ) army of Eastern Jin.
The Jin army defeated the overwhelming Former Qin forces, with only minor casualties.
In 1214 Jin dispatched Puxian Wannu to Liaodong, but he was defeated around Kaiyuan.
In the Battle of Fancheng, Guan Yu defeated the reinforcement force led by Yu Jin and accepted the surrender of several thousand men.
In 627 BCE, Jin defeated Qin while it was attacking Zheng.
In 598 BCE, Chu defeated Jin at the Battle of Mi.
In 589 BCE, Jin defeated Qi, which had invaded Lu and Wei.
Four years later, fighting broke out again ; Jin and its allies defeated Chu at the battle of Yingling.
The Qin forces were defeated in the ambush at the Battle of Yao ( 殽 ; near present-day Luoning County, Henan province ) by Jin and suffered heavy casualties.
In 589 Qi was defeated by Jin.
In 297, the Jin general Zhou Chu ( 周處 ), without support from the central government, was easily defeated by Qi.
After Guan Yu had surrounded Fancheng and defeated the relief force led by Yu Jin and Pang De, Cao Cao received a letter from Sun Quan that outlined his impending attack on Guan Yu and his request for a joint operation.
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