The independence of Pakistan in 1947 saw the settlement of the what is now the largest ethnic community in the city, the Muhajirs who migrated from India in search of a Muslim homeland and settled in Pakistan, that's why the culture of Karachi is very similar to any Indian Muslim dominant city and the city's first language is Urdu because of these Muhajir unlike other parts of the country Most properties vacated by Hindus were granted to Urdu-speaking Muslim migrants who had migrated from India, Known as Muhajirs, their descendants now form the majority of Karachi's residents, these Mohajirs of Urdu, Gujrati, Marathi, Konkani Muslims from India and Bengali origin are around 13 million.

In Goa, Konkani is the sole official language ; however, Marathi may also be used for all official purposes.

Other vernacular names include Nimm ( Punjabi ), Vembu ( Tamil ), Arya Veppu ( Malayalam ), Azad Dirakht ( Persian ), Nimba, Arishta, Picumarda ( Sanskrit, Oriya ), Limdo ( Gujarati language ) Kadu-Limba ( Marathi ), Dongoyaro ( in some Nigerian languages ), Margosa, Neem ( نيم ) ( Arabic ), Nimtree, Vepu ( వ ే ప ు), Vempu ( வ ே ம ் ப ு), Vepa ( వ ే ప ) ( Telugu ), Bevu ( ಕಹ ಿ ಬ ೇ ವ ು ( Kannada ), Kodu nimb ( Konkani ), ක ො හ ො ඹ ( Kohomba, Sinhala ), Tamar ( Burmese ), sầu đâu, xoan Ấn Độ ( Vietnamese ), ស ្ ដ ៅ ( Sdao, Khmer ), สะเดา ( Sadao, Thai ), אזדרכת ( Hebrew ), " Maliyirinin " ( Bambara language ) and Paraiso ( Spanish ).

The official language of the Union of India is Hindi, with 21 other regional languages holding co-official status, including: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu.

The above source says that the Malayalam script is sometimes used to write the Konkani language in Kerala .</ ref > though relatively rarely.

# REDIRECT Konkani language

* Thomas Stephens-Arte da lingoa Canarim, a grammar of the Konkani language,

Dakhini was the lingua franca of the Muslims of Deccan, chiefly living in Hyderabad state, Mysore state and the Hyderabad – Karnataka Region, covering most of Deccan plateau except for Moplah Muslims of Kerala and the Labbewaar Muslims in Tamil Nadu in the south, to the Beary Bhashe language and Konkani speaking Muslims along the western coast of Karnataka, Goa and Maharashtra.

He was the editor of a Konkani language monthly Konkani Yuvak ( Konkani Youth ) in 1949.

Konkani ( Devanāgarī:, ), is an Indo-Aryan language belonging to the Indo-European family of languages and is spoken on the western coast of India.

Konkani is a member of the southern Indo-Aryan language group.

The Substratum of the Konkani language lies in the speech of Proto-Australoids tribes called Kurukh, Oraon, Kukni, whose modern sepresentatives are Dravidian languages like Kurukh and its dialects like Kurux, Kunrukh, Kunna and Malto According to the Indian Anthropological Society, these Australoid tribes speaking Dravidian languages once inhabited Konkan, migrated to Northern India ( Chota Nagpur Plateau, Mirzapur ) and are not found in Konkan anymore Olivinho Gomes in his essay Medieval Konkani literature also mentions Mundari substratum.

These primitive Australoid tribes, once were pre-historic inhabitants of Goa and Konkan. Nothing more is known about the. Modern communities like Gaudes, Kunbis, Mahars of Konkan today are supposed to be the modern representatives of Proto-Australoids. Originally hunter-gatherers later developed a primitive form of agriculture. Few Konkani words related to agriculture find their roots in Proto-Australoid dialects, e. g.: kumeri-type of farming, mer-field boundary, zonn-share of the surplus production, khazan-type of farm land, kudd-room, body, khomp-hut. These tribes from Konkan speaking early Dravidian languages ( see: Kurukh language ) are believed to be the Mediterraneans. Historians ( Sbjobreg1990: 48 ) maintain that the paleo-Mediterraneans who came to India from north-west passes as early Dravidians formed a heterogeneous racial sub-type. These Mediterraneans or Dravidians as many historians call them, knew the craft of systematized agriculture, and inhabited most of the neolithic India.

Many of them spoke Indo-Aryan Prakrit vernacular languages, akin to Vedic Sanskrit, still some spoke Dravidian, Desi dialects. Thus the ancient of Konkani Prakrit was born as a confluence of the Indo-Aryan dialects while accepting many words from the Dravidian speech. Some linguists associate Shauraseni to be its progenitor whereas some call it Paisaci. The influence of Paisachi over Konkani can be proved from the findings of Dr. Taraporewala who, in his book Elements of Science of Languages, Calcutta University, he ascertains that Konkani shows many Dardic features which are found in present day Kashmiri language.

Immigrants spoke various vernaculars, which led to an admixture of features of Eastern and Western Prakrits. It was substantially influenced later by Magadhi Prakrit and the overtones of Pali ( the liturgical language of the Buddhists ) that played a very important role in development of Konkani Apabhramsha grammar and vocabulary.

Specifically in the District of Sindhudurg at Malvan Spoken language is ' Malvani ' or ' Konkani '.

The Kannada, Marathi, Telugu and the Konkani diaspora in Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala celebrate the festival with great fanfare ; gatherings of the extended family and a sumptuous feast are ' de rigueur '.

The Kanara or Canara region ( Tulu / Konkani: Karavali ಕರ ಾ ವಳ ಿ )( Konkani: कर ा वल ी) which is also Known as Coastal Karnataka comprises three coastal districts of Karnataka, namely Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Uttara Kannada and Kasaragod Taluk of Kerala in southwestern India.

In old Konkani language, its joyshi, but now commonly Joshi .. In the region of Kerala the same becomes known as Jotsyan or Jyotsyar, a title among traditional astrologers of Kaniyar community.

Mallya or Mahale, is a common surname among Konkani speaking Gaud Saraswat Brahmins across the Konkan coast from Maharashtra to Kerala.

Kamath or Kamat is a common surname amongst the Konkani Saraswat Brahmins of the Konkan and Malabar coasts of India in the states of Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Maharashtra.

In India, dill is known as shepu ( श े प ू) in Marathi and Konkani, savaa in Hindi or soa in Punjabi.

Devanāgarī is also employed for Bhojpuri, Gujari, Pahari, ( Garhwali and Kumaoni ), Konkani, Magahi, Maithili, Marwari, Bhili, Newari, Santhali, Tharu, and sometimes Sindhi, Dogri, Sherpa and by Kashmiri-speaking Hindus.

Sam Fransisku Xaviera is a Konkani hymn, which is sung as the recessional hymn at most of the novenas held at Bom Jesus Basilica, Velha Goa, the place where the relics of St. Francis Xavier are kept.

In Konkani it is known as tephal or tirphal.

In Oriya, it is called tentuli, in Hindi it is called imli ( इमल ी); in Rajasthani, it is known as aamli ( आम ् ल ी); in Gujarati the amli, and Marathi and Konkani the chinch ; in Kannada it is called hunase ( ಹ ು ಣಸ ೆ), Telugu chintachettu ( tree ) and chintapandu ( fruit extract.

Old Goa ( Konkani: प ो रण ें ग ों य – Pornnem Goem ; Hindi ओल ् ड ग ो व ा – Old Gova, प ु र ा ण ा ग ो व ा – Purana Gova ) or Velha Goa ( Velha means " old " in Portuguese ) is a historical city in North Goa district in the Indian state of Goa.

The place is called as Saibachem Goem ( referring to St. Francis Xavier as Saib i. e. Master ), Pornem Goem, Adlem Goem or just Goem in Konkani.

The Konkani name for it is " Barinka ".

Apart from native speakers, Kannada is also spoken by Tuluvas, Konkani, Kodavas of Karnataka and Telugus ( Andhra Pradesh's official lang.

* Maharashtrian / Konkani / Kashta ; this drape is very similar to that of the male Maharashtrian dhoti.

A variant of Idli known as sanna ( sānnāṃ ) is very popular amongst the Goans and other Konkani people.

It is also written as Dashahara, Dussehra Bengali: দশ ে র া, Kannada: ದಸರ, Malayalam: ദസറ, Konkani: दसर ो, Marathi: दसर ा, Oriya: ଦଶହର ା, Telugu: దసర ా, Punjabi: ਦਸ ੇ ਰ ਾ and Dashain in Nepal.

Other early settlers included the Marwari Muslims, Parsis, also originally from Gujarat, Marathi and Konkani Muslims from Maharashtra ( settled in Kokan Town ), Goan Catholics and Anglo-Indians.

He also sang in other Indian languages including Konkani, Bhojpuri, Oriya, Punjabi, Bengali, Marathi, Sindhi, Kannada, Gujarati, Telugu, Maghi, Maithili and Assamese.

The name is also in use among some Konkani Catholics who trace their ancestry to the Goud Saraswat Brahmins of Goa.

Linguists also suggest that Substratum of Marathi and Konkani is more closely related to Dravidian Kannada.

The Siddi, Siddhi, or Sheedi (; Hindi, Marathi, Konkani: स ि द ् द ी or श ी द ि/ ಸ ಿ ದ ್ ಧ ಿ; Gujarati: સ િ દ ્ દ ી; Kannada: ಸ ಿ ದ ್ ಧ ಿ ಗಳ ು), also known as Habshi, are an Indian and Pakistani ethnic group of Black African and / or Afro-Arab descent.

The standard hymnal of the Archdiocese of Goa and Daman is called Gaionancho Jhelo ( Garland of hymns ) and the diocese also brings out a periodical sheet music publication of Konkani liturgical hymns a called Devacheam Bhurgeanchim Gitam ( Songs of God's children )

Honnavar is also very famous for its Lady Fish ( Nagli in Konkani ).

The people of Sindhudurg District mostly speak a distinct Konkani dialect Malvani, though Marathi, Konkani and English are also spoken and understood by majority of population.

Shigmo ( Konkani: श ि गम ो), or Shishirotsava, is a spring festival celebrated in the Indian state of Goa, where it is one of the major festivals of the Hindu community. It is also celebrated by Konkani diaspora and Indian festival of Holi is part of it.

Konkani Hindus in Karnataka also refer to it as उग ा द ि ( ugādi ).

He was confident in Portuguese, Spanish, Hebrew, Latin, Greek and Arabic ; his work shows that he also had some knowledge of Persian, Marathi, Konkani, Sanskrit and Kannada.

Mapusa ( Konkani: mhapxem ; ) also spelt at Mapuca, Mhapsa or Mapsa is a town in North Goa, India.