The Macedonian phalanx of Aelian had many points of resemblance to the solid masses of pikemen and the squadrons of cavalry of the Spanish and Dutch systems, and the translations made in the 16th century formed the groundwork of numerous books on drill and tactics.

The Macedonian Kingdom in the north, on the other hand, developed a strong cavalry force that culminated in the hetairoi ( Companion cavalry ) of Philip II and Alexander the Great.

In addition to these heavy cavalry, the Macedonian army also employed lighter horsemen called prodromoi for scouting and screening, as well as the Macedonian pike phalanx and various kinds of light infantry.

This combination of cavalry and infantry helped to break enemy lines and were used effectively to dominate the opponents of the Macedonian Kingdom.

The Macedonian phalanx was not very different from the Hoplite phalanx of other Greeks states, save it was better trained, armed with the sarissa enabling it to outreach its competitors and stave off enemy cavalry, and wore far lighter armor enabling longer endurance and long fast forced marches, including the ability to sprint to close and overwhelm opposing positions and archers.

Philip II of Macedon greatly improved upon the limited combined arms tactics of the Greek city-states and combined the newly created Macedonian Phalanx with heavy cavalry and other forces.

* At Phrada, in Drangiana, Philotas, Parmenion's son and commander of the elite Macedonian companion cavalry, is implicated in an alleged plot against Alexander's life.

* The Athenians and their Greek allies ' siege of the Macedonian ruler, Antipater, in Lamia is relieved by Leonnatus with an army of 20, 000 infantry and 1, 500 cavalry.

Philip now sent more men into the melee, his Macedonian and Thessalian horse, who drove the Romans down the hill, until the Aetolian cavalry stabilized the situation.

Lighter peltasts, mercenaries and Thracian infantry guarded the two flanks of the phalanx, while the Macedonian cavalry was also most probably arrayed on both flanks.

The stronger contingent was on the Macedonian right, where Perseus commanded the heavy cavalry ( including his elite Sacred Squadron ), and the Thracian Odrysian cavalry were deployed.

Seeing the tide of battle turn, Perseus fled with the cavalry on the Macedonian right.

Sipahi ( Ottoman Turkish: Sipahi (); also transliterated as Spahi, Sepahi, and Spakh ; traditionally rendered as Spahia or Spahiu in Albanian and Romanian, Σπαχής in Greek and Spahija-Cyrillic спахиjа, спахия — in Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Macedonian and Bulgarian ) was the name of several Ottoman cavalry corps.

He gathered more than 250, 000 soldiers ( including more than 42, 000 cavalry ) against approximately 47, 000 Macedonian soldiers ( including around 8, 000 cavalry ).

The Western Army ( Macedonian and Vardar Army ) was composed of ten corps with 32 infantry and two cavalry divisions.

James G. DeVoto says in The Theban Sacred Band that Alexander had deployed his cavalry behind the Macedonian hoplites, apparently permitting " a Theban break-through in order to effect a cavalry assault while his hoplites regrouped.

* Julius Frontinus Stratagems, II 1. 14, 2. 4 ( Tigranocerta ), II 5. 30 ( Pontic assassination attempt 72 BC ), II 7. 8 ( Macedonian cavalry during Cabira campaign ), III 13. 6 ( swimming messenger at siege of Cyzicus )

The Getae army retreated after the first cavalry skirmish, leaving their town to the Macedonian army.

The Macedonian line was arrayed with the heavy Phalanxes in the middle, and cavalry on either side.

While fighting Hannibal in Italy, Hispania, and Sicily, Rome simultaneously fought against Macedon in the First Macedonian War.

* King Cassander of Macedon ( one of the diadochoi (" successors "), the Macedonian generals who have fought over the empire of Alexander the Great after his death ) ( b. c. 358 BC )

The First Macedonian War ( 214 BC – 205 BC ) was fought by Rome, allied ( after 211 BC ) with the Aetolian League and Attalus I of Pergamon, against Philip V of Macedon, contemporaneously with the Second Punic War ( 218 – 201 BC ) against Carthage.

The Second Macedonian War ( 200 – 197 BC ) was fought between Macedon, led by Philip V of Macedon, and Rome, allied with Pergamon and Rhodes.

The Third Macedonian War ( 171 BC-168 BC ) was a war fought between Rome and King Perseus of Macedon.

And at first for a long while the battle was evenly poised because of the exceeding gallantry displayed on both sides, and as many were slain and still more wounded, the fortune of battle vacillated first one way then the other, being constantly swayed by the valorous deeds of the combatants ; but later as the horsemen pressed on from the flank and rear and Philip with the flower of his troops fought with true heroism, the mass of the Illyrians was compelled to take hastily to flight. When the pursuit had been kept up for a considerable distance and many had been slain in their flight, Philip recalled the Macedonians with the trumpet and erecting a trophy of victory buried his own dead, while the Illyrians, having sent ambassadors and withdrawn from all the Macedonian cities, obtained peace.

The Battle of Crannon ( 322 BC ), fought between the Macedonian forces of Antipater and Craterus and rebellious Greek forces led by the Athenians, was the decisive battle of the Lamian War.

The Macedonian wars were a series of conflicts fought by Rome in the eastern Mediterranean, the Adriatic, and the Aegean.

In a pitched battle, the Companions usually fought on the right wing of the Macedonian army, next to the shield bearing guards, the Hypaspists, who would guard the right flank of the phalanx.

This battle was fought in 198 BC between the Macedonian armies of Ptolemaic Egypt and the Seleucid Greeks of Coele-Syria, led by Antiochus III.

Unlike the other three Bulgarian revolutionary organizations active in the interwar period — the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organisation in Macedonia, the Internal Thracian Revolutionary Organisation in Thrace and the Internal Dobrujan Revolutionary Organization in Dobruja — IWORO did not put up the tactical slogan demanding autonomy for the region but fought “ for the liberation of the Western Outlands and their restoration to Bulgaria ”.

when the Roman Republic fought the First Macedonian War contemporaneously with the Second Punic War against Carthage.

In view of the massive Roman naval superiority, the war was fought on land, with the Macedonian fleet, already weakened at Chios, not daring to venture out of its anchorage at Demetrias.

A brilliant general, he fought in the Third Macedonian War and played a pivotal role in the Fourth.

The Chremonidean War ( Χρεμωνίδειος πόλεμος ) ( 267 BCE-261 BCE ) was fought by a coalition of Greek city-states against Macedonian domination.

From 1917, he fought in the Macedonian front of the First World War where he distinguished himself and was promoted to Major General.

Yasuj is the place where Alexander III of Macedon and his Macedonian forces stormed the Persian Gates (" Darvazeh-ye Fars "), and fought themselves a way into the Persian heartland ( 331 BC ).

The banks near the modern-day town of Biga were the site of the Battle of the Granicus, fought in 334 BC between the Macedonian army of Alexander the Great and the forces of the Persian Empire under Darius III.

The Battle of Crocus Field () ( also known as the " Battle of Volo ") was a battle in the Third Sacred War, fought between the armies of Phocis, under Onomarchos, and the combined Thessalian and Macedonian army under Philip II of Macedon.

Macedonian Companion cavalry ile in wedge formation

Macedonian battle formation.

The Macedonian phalanx is an infantry formation developed by Philip II and used by his son Alexander the Great to conquer the Persian Empire and other armies.

After the liberation of the country from fascist occupation in the Second World War and the formation of the modern Macedonian state, the Macedonian Philharmonic Orchestra was established in 1944, while 1947 saw the formation of the Association of Musicians of Macedonia.

It was difficult to get horses to charge into the tight phalanx formation of the Greek / Macedonian hoplites ( infantry ).

Both sides probably deployed their troops in a standard Macedonian formation, with the phalanx of heavy infantry in the centre of the battle line.

Since the formation of the First Macedonian Football League, they have spent their entire history playing there.

Though it may seem strange for a unit that would fight in phalanx formation to be called ' peltasts ', ' pelte ' would not be an inappropriate name for a Macedonian shield.

The Macedonian phalanx was considered invulnerable from the front, except against another such phalanx ; the only way it was ever generally defeated was by breaking its formation or outflanking it.

Originally consisting of 3, 000 men by the Third Macedonian War they were 5, 000, most likely to accommodate their elite formation, the Agema.

As an infantry formation it is attested by Frontinus to have been used by the Romans in Pydna against the Macedonian line of Perseus.

After reaching its zenith in the conquests of Alexander the Great, the phalanx as a military formation began a slow decline, mirrored by the decline in the Macedonian successor states themselves.

The goals and fundamental principles which governed the work of the Internal Revolutionary Organisation influenced the formation and guiding principles of subsequent Bulgarian revolutionary organisations, namely the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organisation ( active in the Ottoman Empire from 1893 to 1912 ), the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organisation ( active in Greek and Yugoslav Macedonia from 1919 to 1934 ), the Internal Thracian Revolutionary Organisation ( active in Western Thrace from 1922 to 1934 ), the Internal Dobrudjan Revolutionary Organisation ( active in Dobrudja from 1923 to 1940 ) and the Internal Western Outland Revolutionary Organisation ( active in the Western Outlands from 1921 to 1934 ).

The struggle ended with victory and formation of the Macedonian federative state inside Yugoslavia Federation ( SFRY ).

At the end of the war he was one of the initiators of the formation of a Provisional Government by the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization ( IMRO ), and this government set the task of defending the positions of the Bulgarians in Macedonia at the Paris Peace Conference ( 1919 – 1920 ).

Since the formation of the Macedonian First League, Pelister had early success consistently finishing in the Top 5.

Instead, an alternative model of state and ethnos formation, promulgated by an alliance of regional elites, has recently been postulated, which re-dates the creation of the Macedonian kingdom to the 6th century BCE.

Hatzopoulos's studies on Macedonian institutions have lent support to the hypothesis of Macedonian state formation occurring via an " integration " of regional elites which were based in city-like centres, including the Argeadae at Vergina, and the Paeonian / Edonian peoples in Sindos, Ichnai and Pella, as well as the mixed Macedonian -" Barbarian " colonies in the Thermaic Gulf and western Chlakidike.

The Macedonian foot soldiers were formed into an infantry formation developed by Philip II and used by his son Alexander the Great to conquer the Persian Empire and other enemies.