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Mars and Observer
* 1993 – NASA loses contact with the Mars Observer spacecraft.
* 1992NASA launches the Mars Observer, a $ 511 million probe to Mars, in the first U. S. mission to the planet in 17 years.
* August 21 – NASA loses radio contact with the Mars Observer orbiter 3 days before the spacecraft is scheduled to enter orbit around Mars.
* Mars Observer25 September 1992 – Attempted Mars orbiter ( contact lost )
Mars Observer was originally planned to be launched in 1990 by a Space Shuttle Orbiter.
On August 21, 1993, at 01: 00 UTC, three days prior to the scheduled Mars orbital insertion, there was an " inexplicable " loss of contact with Mars Observer.
The force density, of roughly 0. 2 N ( 0. 04 lbf ) per square meter, that was exerted on the Mars Observer, during aerobraking is comparable to the force of a 40 mph ( 60 km / h ) wind on a human hand at sea level on Earth.
* Mars Observer — failed NASA Mars orbiter
After the loss of Mars Observer and the onset of the rising costs associated with the future International Space Station, NASA began seeking cheaper, smaller solutions to scientific interplanetary missions.
The first mission in the new program was Mars Global Surveyor, launched in 1996 to map Mars and provide geologic data using instruments intended for Mars Observer.
Following Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Climate Orbiter carried two instruments, one originally intended for Mars Observer, to study the climate and weather of Mars.
Only one spacecraft of this class was eventually constructed -- the Mars Observer.
The Observer program, starting with Mars Observer, was envisioned as a series of low-cost missions to the inner solar system, based on commercial Earth satellites.

Mars and spacecraft
Through the use of manned and unmanned spacecraft, volcanism has been discovered on Venus, Mars, the Moon and Io, a satellite of Jupiter.
* 1999 – NASA loses radio contact with the Mars Polar Lander moments before the spacecraft enters the Martian atmosphere.
Currently ESOC is operating the following spacecraft: XMM-Newton, the four Cluster spacecraft, INTEGRAL, Mars Express, Rosetta, Venus Express, GOCE, Herschel, Planck, and Cryosat-2
Remotely-controlled landers such as Viking, Pathfinder and the two Mars Exploration Rovers have landed on the surface of Mars and several Venera and Vega spacecraft have landed on the surface of Venus.
A spacecraft traveling from Earth to Mars via this method will arrive near Mars orbit in approximately 8. 5 months, but because the orbital velocity is greater when closer to the center of mass ( i. e. the Sun ) and slower when farther from the center, the spacecraft will be traveling quite slowly and a small application of thrust is all that is needed to put it into a circular obit around Mars.
If the manoeuver is timed properly, Mars will be " arriving " under the spacecraft when this happens.
It is possible to put stations or spacecraft on orbits that cycle between different planets, for example a Mars cycler would synchronously cycle between Mars and Earth, with very little propellant usage to maintain the trajectory.
Among the Laboratory's current major active projects are the Mars Science Laboratory mission ( which includes the Curiosity rover ), the Cassini – Huygens mission orbiting Saturn, the Mars Exploration Rovers ( Spirit and Opportunity ), the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, the Dawn mission to the dwarf planet Ceres and asteroid Vesta, the Juno spacecraft en route to Jupiter, the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory ( GRAIL ) mission to the Moon, the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array ( NuSTAR ) X-ray telescope, and the Spitzer Space Telescope.
2001 Mars Odyssey is a robotic spacecraft orbiting the planet Mars.
Odyssey used a technique called " aerobraking " that gradually brought the spacecraft closer to Mars with each orbit.
By using the atmosphere of Mars to slow down the spacecraft in its orbit, rather than firing its engine or thrusters, Odyssey was able to save more than of propellant.
By December 15, 2010 it broke the record for longest serving spacecraft at Mars, with 3, 340 days of operation, claiming the title from NASA's Mars Global Surveyor.

Mars and also
He cannot, e.g. compute the retrograde arc traveled by Mars, without also making suppositions about the earth's own motion.
Greek writers under Roman rule also recorded cult practices and beliefs pertaining to Mars under the name of Ares.
There may also be a connection with the Roman god of war Mars, via hypothetical Proto-Indo-European * M ̥ rēs ; compare Ancient Greek μάρναμαι ( marnamai ), " to fight, to battle ", or Punjabi maarna ( to kill, to hit ).
This type of anemometer is mostly used for middle-school level instruction which most students make themselves, but a similar device was also flown on Phoenix Mars Lander.
She also was a great-grandniece of Giovanni Schiaparelli, an Italian astronomer who believed he had discovered the supposed canals of Mars, and a great-grandniece of art expert Bernard Berenson ( 1865 – 1959 ) and his sister Senda Berenson ( 1868 – 1954 ), an athlete and educator who was one of the first two women elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame.
De Palma has also worked with composers Pino Donaggio ( Carrie, Home Movies, Dressed to Kill, Blow Out, Body Double, Raising Cain ), Ennio Morricone ( The Untouchables, Casualties of War, and Mission to Mars ) and Ryuichi Sakamoto ( Snake Eyes, Femme Fatale ).
" It was also claimed that officials at the Navy board of inquiry stated that the planes " flew off to Mars.
In Indian tradition Fire is also linked to Surya or the Sun and Mangala or Mars, and with the south-east direction.
Rock musician David Bowie also made three popular concept albums ; The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders From Mars, about the fictional character, Ziggy Stardust and his band ; Aladdin Sane ; and Diamond Dogs.
Geology can also refer generally to the study of the solid features of any celestial body ( such as the geology of the Moon or Mars ).
Specialised terms such as selenology ( studies of the Moon ), areology ( of Mars ), etc., are also in use.
In the Solar System, Mars, Venus, and the moon Titan also exhibit greenhouse effects ; that on Venus is particularly large, due to its atmosphere, which consists mainly of dense carbon dioxide Titan has an anti-greenhouse effect, in that its atmosphere absorbs solar radiation but is relatively transparent to infrared radiation.
There are also signs of carbon dioxide eruptions from the southern polar ice cap of Mars.
* Planet Plane ( 1936 ) ( as John Beynon ; also known as The Space Machine and Stowaway to Mars )
As he slowly continued analyzing Tycho's Mars observations — now available to him in their entirety — and began the slow process of tabulating the Rudolphine Tables, Kepler also picked up the investigation of the laws of optics from his lunar essay of 1600.
JPL also led the way in interplanetary exploration with the Mariner missions to Venus, Mars, and Mercury.
A crater on Mars and a promontorium on the Moon are also named in his honour.
Mars or MARS may also refer to:
* Jean-Baptiste Belley, also known as Mars
It also acts as a relay for communications between the Mars Exploration Rovers, Mars Science Laboratory, and the Phoenix lander to Earth.
Lectures on Mars are also given under auspices of the Dutch Astronomical Society.
It is also developing software projects, IT systems for the future martian habitat, with a Virtual Mars Base and remote access.
Another Mars Society Chapter is also in creation in Luxembourg.
The Mars Habitat Unit would also include a small pressurized rover that is stored in the lower deck area and assembled on the surface of Mars.

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