* 3114 BC – The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Mayans, begins.

The date of the beginning of the " Sixth World " is based on the ancient Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, which when Shadowrun was developed was correlated as finishing a 5200 year long cycle on December 24, 2011.

* September 18 – Beginning of the 13th Baktun in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar ( 12. 0. 0. 0. 0 ).

These beliefs range from the spiritually transformative to the apocalyptic, and center upon various contemporary interpretations of the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar.

There has been speculation that the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar is somehow calibrated against the precession, but this view is not held by professional scholars of Mayan civilization.

* 3114 BC — According to the most widely accepted correlations between the Western calendar and the calendar systems of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, the mythical starting point of the current Mesoamerican Long Count calendar cycle occurs in this year.

The Long Count calendar, used and refined most notably by the Maya civilization but also attested in some other ( earlier ) Mesoamerican cultures, consisted of a series of interlocked cycles or periods of day-counts, which mapped out a linear sequence of days from a notional starting point.

# REDIRECT Mesoamerican Long Count calendar

# REDIRECT Mesoamerican Long Count calendar

A third major calendar form known as the Long Count is found in the inscriptions of several Mesoamerican cultures, most famously those of the Maya civilization who developed it to its fullest extent during the Classic period ( ca.

Mesoamerican calendar usage — of one form or another, some ( such as the Long Count ) fell into disuse earlier — continued throughout the pre-Columbian era until the arrival of the Spanish conquistadores in the early 16th century.

This 52-year cycle was the most important for most Mesoamericans, with the apparent exception of the Maya elite until the end of the Classic Era, who gave equal importance to the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar.

This date is derived from the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar which completes 12 baktuns or 1 Great cycle equaling 5, 125 years on December 21 or 23, 2012.

* Goodman, Martinez, Thompson correlation, the most commonly accepted correlation between the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar and the Julian calendar

* 360 days — one tun in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar

* 19. 713 years ( 7200 days ) -- one katun in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar

* 394. 256 years ( 144, 000 days ) – one baktun in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar

* 5125. 36 years ( 1, 872, 000 days ) – one piktun in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar

* Mesoamerican Long Count calendar

# REDIRECT Mesoamerican Long Count calendar

There have been significant finds here such as the oldest Mesoamerican Long Count calendar with the date of 36 BCE on a monument, as well as a pottery shard with the oldest instance of writing system yet discovered.

In the Tonalpohualli ( a 260 day sacred calendar used by many ancient Mesoamerican cultures ), Centeotl is the Lord of the Day for days with number seven and he is the fourth Lord of the Night.

Although the Mesoamerican calendar did not originate with the Maya, their subsequent extensions and refinements of it were the most sophisticated.

A smooth Olmecan head, an intricate Aztec sun calendar and a sinuous Teotihuacan bas relief are some of the sculptural features of the Plaza that are set off by crushed stone walkways and complemented by groupings of Mesoamerican plants.

A bird image is connected to two glyphs on speech scrolls that represent the date 3 Ajaw on the 260 day Mesoamerican calendar.

Each rope is wound around the top of the pole thirteen times, which by four equal 52 and corresponds to the Mesoamerican ritual calendar.

Many of the distinctive elements of Mesoamerican civilization can be traced back to this period, including the dominance of corn, the building of pyramids, human sacrifice, jaguar-worship, the complex calendar, and many of the gods.

Tzolk ' in ( from the revised Guatemala Mayan languages Academy orthography, which is preferred by the linguists of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, formerly and commonly tzolkin ) is the name bestowed by Mayanists on the 260-day Mesoamerican calendar used by the Maya civilization of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica.

In addition to the basic function of a calendar — defining and organizing periods of time in a way that allows events to be fixed, ordered and noted relative to each other and some absolute progression — Mesoamerican calendars were also used in religious observances and social rituals, such as for divination.

Common to all recorded Mesoamerican cultures, and the most important, was the 260-day calendar, a ritual calendar with no confirmed correlation to astronomical or agricultural cycles.

In his essay " Chicanismo " in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures ( 2002 ), Jose Cuellar dates the transition from derisive to positive to the late 1950s, with a usage by young Mexican-American high school students.

Agriculture in Mesoamerica dates to the Archaic period of Mesoamerican chronology ( 8000-2000 BC ).

Occupation at the site dates back as far as the Early Classic period ( AD 250 – 600 ) of Mesoamerican history.

The archaeological contexts in which copper objects have been recovered at the ancient Maya site of Lamanai in northern Belize have great significance in that these objects served great purpose for the residents of the community during Postclassic time that dates from A. D. 950-1544. Nearly all of the copper objects found at Lamanai are distinctly Mesoamerican in form and design and based on metallurgical analyses it appears that manufacturing technologies were distinctly

The creation of humankind is concluded by the Mesoamerican tale of the opening of the Maize ( or Sustenance ) Mountain by the Lightning deities.

* Mesoamerican creation accounts

The Late Postclassic Aztec society inherited many traditions concerning Mesoamerican creation accounts, while however modifying some aspects and supplying novel interpretations of their own.

* Mesoamerican creation accounts

The Late Postclassic Aztec society inherited many traditions concerning Mesoamerican creation accounts, while, however ; modifying some aspects and supplying novel interpretations of their own.

At the sub-regional level, increased cooperation with the seven Central American countries has resulted in the creation of the Mesoamerican Group, which currently defines common sub-regional policies in energy development, border security, fight against organized crime, and regional infrastructure.

The concept of world trees is a prevalent motif in pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cosmologies and iconography.

Depictions of world trees, both in their directional and central aspects, are found in the art and mythological traditions of cultures such as the Maya, Aztec, Izapan, Mixtec, Olmec, and others, dating to at least the Mid / Late Formative periods of Mesoamerican chronology.

Directional world trees are also associated with the four Yearbearers in Mesoamerican calendars, and the directional colors and deities.

* Mesoamerican world tree

Mongols, Scythians, early Egyptians and various Mesoamerican chiefs could take most of their household, including servants and concubines, with them to the next world.

Mesoamerican architecture in Mexico is best known for its public, ceremonial and urban monumental buildings and structures, several of which are the largest monuments in the world.

Headrick identifies the tree which sprouts from the headdress as the Mesoamerican world tree.

While this kind of cement roof is common in modern times, it was unique in the Mesoamerican world.

Descended from the Aztec version of the Mesoamerican ballgame, the game is one of the oldest continuously-played sports in the world, and is also notable for the fact that it is the oldest known game utilizing a rubber ball.

* Among pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures, the concept of " world trees " is a prevalent motif in Mesoamerican mythical cosmologies and iconography.

* Depictions of world trees, both in their directional and central aspects, are found in the art and mythological traditions of cultures such as the Maya, Aztec, Izapan, Mixtec, Olmec, and others, dating to at least the Mid / Late Formative periods of Mesoamerican chronology.

* Directional world trees are also associated with the four Yearbearers in Mesoamerican calendars, and the directional colors and deities.

Some similarities between the Mesoamerican and the Andean cultures suggest that the two regions became a part of a wider world system, as a result of trade, by the 1st millennium BCE.

The inner Gulf of Honduras is lined by the Belize Barrier Reef which forms the southern part of the 900 km long Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System, the second-largest coral reef system in the world.

The collections of Oceanic and Mesoamerican works, as well as handwoven Turkish rugs, are among the finest in the world.

Roatán lies on the southern edge of the Mesoamerican Reef System, the second largest barrier reef in the world.

The Mesoamerican region's largest pyramid by volume – indeed, the largest in the world by volume – is the Great Pyramid of Cholula, in the Mexican state of Puebla.

Mainstream Mesoamerican researchers identify the central image as a Mesoamerican world tree, connecting the sky above and the water or underworld below.