The Monastic Rule of David prescribed that monks had to pull the plough themselves without draught animals, must drink only water eat only bread with salt and herbs and spend the evenings in prayer, reading and writing.

The Monastic Reform Movement that restored the Benedictine Rule to England's undisciplined monastic communities peaked during the era of Dunstan, Æthelwold, and Oswald.

* Monastic Rule, the document giving the way of life to be led by the members of the varying Religious Orders in the Catholic Church and other Christian groups which follow a monastic way of life

Monastic communities in the West, broadly speaking, are organized into orders and congregations guided by a particular religious rule, such as the Rule of St Augustine or especially Rule of St Benedict.

This litany is prescribed in the Roman Breviary at the " Preces Feriales " and in the Monastic Breviary for every " Hora " ( Rule of St. Benedict, ix, 17 ).

This musical form originated in Monastic life, in which singing the ' Divine Service ' nine times a day at the proper hours was upheld according to the Rule of Saint Benedict.

* 480: Traditional birth of St Benedict, author of a Monastic Rule, setting out regulations for the establishment of monasteries.

The Rule of Basil is divided into two parts: the " Greater Monastic Rules " and the " Lesser Rules ".

The Monastic Order of the Knights Hospitallers of St John of Jerusalem had its English headquarters at the Priory of Clerkenwell.

Ahenny, County Tipperary, near the Kilkenny border, and the Monastic site of Kilclispeen, or the church of St. Crispen

The Order of the Holy Cross and Order of St. Helena published A Monastic Breviary ( Wilton, Conn .: Morehouse-Barlow ) in 1976.

Douglas is twice referred to in the Monastic ' Chronicle of the Kings of Man and the Isles '; first in 1192, when the monks of St Mary's Abbey at Rushen, were transferred there for a four-year stay, then again in 1313, when Robert ( Bruce ), King of Scotland, spent the night at the ' monastery of Duglas ' on his way to seize Castle Rushen.

* Knowles, Dom David The Monastic Order in England: From the Times of St. Dunstan to the Fourth Lateran Council Second Edition Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1976 reprint ISBN 0-521-05479-6

* * Annette Kehnel, Clonmacnois the Church and Lands of St. Ciarán: Change and Continuity in an Irish Monastic Foundation ( 6th-to 16th Century ), pp. 288 – 290, 1995, Transaction Publishers, Rutgers-State University, USA.

Monastic asceticism, which was popularized by the Desert Fathers of the East, such as St. Anthony the Great and St.

Some of Bede's homilies were collected by Paul the Deacon, and they were used in that form in the Monastic Office.

* Dom Columba Marmion OSB, Christ the Ideal of the Monk – Spiritual Conferences on the Monastic and Religious Life ( Engl.

Monastic influence accounts for the practice of adding to the reading of a biblical passage some patristic commentary or exposition.

Monastic estates were called chos-gzhis (), linked to Buddhist monasteries, and were similar to priests or clergy castes of other societies.

Monastic deacons are called hierodeacons, monastic priests are called hieromonks.

* Monastic Wisdom.

Monastic communities were allowed to celebrate mass in private from 1209 onwards, and late in 1212 the viaticum for the dying was authorised.

Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights.

Today new expressions of Christian monasticism, many of which ecumenical, are developing in places such as the Bose Monastic Community in Italy, the Monastic Fraternities of Jerusalem throughout Europe, and the Taizé Community in France, and the mainly Evangelical Protestant New Monasticism.

* Abbot Gasquet's English Monastic Life.

* Zarnecki, George ( 1985 ), The Monastic World: The Contributions of The Orders.

Around 1447 – 1454 he painted Scenes of Monastic Life for the church San Miniato al Monte, Florence.

* Scenes of Monastic Life ( c. 1447 – 1454 ) -

During the next three years all of Pomesania was conquered and made part of the Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights.

* Spijker, ' Learning by Experience: Twelfth Century Monastic Ideas ' in Centres of Learning, 1995, pp. 197 – 206.

The peninsula became part of the Duchy of Prussia when Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach, the 37th Grand Master, secularized the Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights in 1525.

In 1440, the gentry of Thorn formed the Prussian Confederation, and in 1454 rose with the Confederation against the Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights in the Thirteen Years ' War.

Being conquered by Danes and Germans in 1227, Estonia was ruled initially by Denmark in the north, by the Livonian Order, an autonomous part of the Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights and Baltic German ecclesiastical states of the Holy Roman Empire.

English translation by Timothy Miller, in J. Thomas and A. C. Hero, eds., Byzantine Monastic Foundation Documents (= Dumbarton Oaks Studies 35 ) ( Washington, 2000 ), I. 67 – 83.

* 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn, Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights ( Prussia ).

* February 1 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn, Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights

Athos, the " Autonomous Monastic State of the Holy Mountain ” (“ Αυτόνομη Μοναστικὴ Πολιτεία Ἁγίου Ὄρους ”), is a self-governed part of the Greek state, subject to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in its political aspect and to the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinopole as regards its religious aspect.

The Bodhisattvacharyāvatāra or Bodhicaryāvatāra, sometimes translated into English as A Guide to the Bodhisattva's Way of Life, is a famous Mahāyāna Buddhist text written c. 700 AD in Sanskrit verse by Shantideva ( Śāntideva ), a Buddhist monk at Nālandā Monastic University in India.

The only Evangelical Lutheran monastery in Finland, the Monastic Protestant Community in Enonkoski, is located in Enonkoski.

The whole disposition is not new, but it is identical with tonaries from different regions of the Cluniac Monastic Association.

Monastic life is distinct from the " religious orders " such as the friars, canons regular, clerks regular, and the more recent religious congregations.

Monastic asceticism is a means to removing obstacles to loving God.

Orthodox monasticism does not have religious orders as in the West, so there are no formal Monastic Rules ( Regulae ); rather, each monk and nun is encouraged to read all of the Holy Fathers and emulate their virtues.

He is a tulku, an incarnate lama, of Drepung Monastic University, where he received the scholastic degree of Geshe Lharampa, the highest degree given, at an exceptionally young age.

This date is attested in the pre-Tridentic Monastic calendar, probably going back to the earliest attestations of her life in the 6th and 7th centuries, and it is the date used throughout Europe.

* Barbara Harvey's Living and Dying in England 1100 – 1540: The Monastic Experience ( 1993 ) is a prosopography that draws a group picture of monastic life, centred on the aggregate experience of the monks of Westminster Abbey.

* Monastic church: Part a former Cistercian monastery, this abbey church is the second largest in the Palatinate ( after the Speyer Cathedral ).

The Je Khenpo (; " The Chief Abbot of the Central Monastic Body of Bhutan "), formerly called the Dharma Raj by orientalists, is the title given to the senior religious hierarch of Bhutan.

His primary duty is to lead the Dratshang Lhentshog ( Commission for the Monastic Affairs ) of Bhutan, which oversees the Central Monastic Body, and to arbitrate on matters of doctrine, assisted by lopons ( learned masters ).

The position of Je Khenpo is granted on merit by election, and typically is given to the most respected monk in the Dratshang Lhentshog ( Commission for the Monastic Affairs ).

The unknown writer, though his opinion is of no value on the origin of the " Cursus ", may well have known about some of these of his own knowledge ; but through the seventh century there are indications of a tendency to adopt the Roman or the Monastic " cursus " instead of the Gallican, or to mix them up, a tendency which was resisted at times by provincial councils.