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Page "History of Yemen" ¶ 47
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NLF and with
In 1963 fighting between Egyptian forces and British-led Saudi-financed guerrillas in the Yemen Arab Republic spread to South Arabia with the formation of the National Liberation Front ( NLF ), who hoped to force the British out of South Arabia.
Hostilities started with a grenade attack by the NLF against the British High Commissioner on 10 December 1963, killing one person and injuring fifty, and a state of emergency was declared, becoming known as the Aden Emergency.
In response, the security situation deteriorated with the creation of the socialist Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen ( FLOSY ) which started to attack the NLF in a bid for power, as well as attacking the British.
Nevertheless, deadly guerrilla attacks particularly by the NLF soon resumed against British forces once again, with the British being defeated and driven from Aden by the end of November 1967, earlier than had been planned by British Prime Minister Harold Wilson and without an agreement on the succeeding governance.
Their enemies, the NLF, managed to seize power, with Aden itself under NLF control.
The NLF was made up of two distinct groups: South Vietnamese intellectuals who opposed the government and were nationalists ; and communists who had remained in the south after the partition and regrouping of 1954 as well as those who had since come from the north, together with local peasants.
" In June 1969, the alliance merged with the NLF to form a " Provisional Revolutionary Government.
The NLF was merged with the Vietnam Fatherland Front in February 1977.
Chamberlain joined the Liberal denunciations of the Conservative Party's foreign policy in the 1880 general election, and Gladstone returned as Prime Minister with assistance from the NLF.
The Tet Offensive in 1968, although a major military defeat for the NLF with half their forces eliminated, marked the psychological turning point in the war.
When the main NLF operation began the next morning, the offensive was countrywide in scope and well coordinated, with more than 80, 000 communist troops striking more than 100 towns and cities, including 36 of 44 provincial capitals, five of the six autonomous cities, 72 of 245 district towns, and the southern capital.
The insurgency itself was conducted by the CPNLAF, the Cambodian People's National Liberation Armed Forces: they were backed by both the People's Army of Vietnam ( PAVN ) and the National Liberation Front ( NLF, better known as the Viet Cong ), who occupied parts of Cambodia as part of their ongoing war with the South Vietnamese.
False rumors and forged documents were circulated to make it appear that the Communist Chinese were supplying the NLF with defective weapons and ammunition.
The area consisted of a mass centre of Viet Cong logistics and headquarters, with some of the most high-ranking NLF officials stationed there.
Simultaneously, Sihanouk lost the support of Cambodia's conservatives as a result of his failure to come to grips with the deteriorating economic situation ( exacerbated by the loss of rice exports, most of which went to the PAVN / NLF ) and with the growing communist military presence.
US troops believed that Vietnamese traditions held the symbolism of the spade to mean death and ill-fortune and in a bid to scare away NLF ( Viet Cong ) soldiers without a firefight, it was common practice to leave an ace of spades on the bodies of killed Vietnamese and even to litter the forested grounds and fields with the card.
Looking to improve performance with the latest possible features, he selected the new NASA NLF 0215-F airfoil designed by Dan Somers at Langley.
The NLF, short for " Natural Laminar Flow ", is a series of designs that replaced the older GAW series with more forgiving laminar flow characteristics.
One of the largest hurdles to effective negotiation was the fact that North Vietnam and its ally in South Vietnam, the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam ( NLF, or Viet Cong ), refused to recognize the government of South Vietnam ; with equal persistence, the government in Saigon refused to acknowledge the legitimacy of the NLF.
If a suspected NLF member was found guilty, he or she could be held in prison for two years, with renewable two-year sentences totaling up to six years.
According to MACV Directive 381-41, the intent of Phoenix was to attack the NLF with a " rifle shot rather than a shotgun approach to target key political leaders, command / control elements and activists in the VCI.

NLF and support
However, the North Vietnamese Army ( NVA ) and the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam ( NLF ) were able to dictate the pace of attrition to fit their own goals: by continuing to fight a guerrilla war and avoiding large-unit battles, they denied the Americans the chance to fight the kind of war they were best at, and they ensured that attrition would wear down the American public's support for the war faster than them.
From 1962 to 1975, Air America inserted and extracted U. S. personnel, provided logistical support to the Royal Lao Army, Hmong army under command of Royal Lao Army Major General Vang Pao, and combatant Thai " volunteer " forces, transported refugees, and flew photo reconnaissance missions that provided valuable intelligence on NLF activities.
He had also agreed to allow the use of the port of Sihanoukville by communist-flagged vessels delivering supplies and materiel to support the PAVN / NLF military effort in Vietnam.
During the early stages of the U. S. involvement in the Vietnam War, several U. S. Special Forces Civilian Irregular Defense Group ( CIDG ) camps were established along the borders of South Vietnam in order to both maintain surveillance of PAVN and National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam ( NLF or Viet Cong ) infiltration and to provide support and training to isolated Montagnard villagers, who bore the brunt of the fighting in the isolated area.
Although the 1968 Tet offensive resulted in a military victory for South Vietnam and the United States, with virtually complete destruction of the NLF forces combat capability, it was ironically also a turning point in American voter opposition to U. S. support for their anti-communist Vietnamese allies.
The purpose of these activities was the support of National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam ( NLF, or in U. S. parlance, Viet Cong ) in their struggle to topple the southern regime of President Ngo Dinh Diem.

NLF and army
In both cases, the Viet Minh and NLF were able to cut off the opposing army by capturing the surrounding rugged terrain.
The Viet Cong ( Vietnamese: Việt cộng ), or National Liberation Front ( NLF ), was a political organization and army in South Vietnam and Cambodia that fought the United States and South Vietnamese governments during the Vietnam War ( 1959 – 1975 ), and emerged on the winning side.
Early on, the focus of the army was the guerrilla fighters of the Vietnam National Liberation Front ( NLF, also known as the Viet Cong ( VC )), formed to oppose the Diem administration.
This army, supported by the CIA proprietary airline Air America, Thailand, the Royal Lao Air Force, and a covert air operation directed by the United States ambassador to Laos, fought the People's Army of Vietnam, the National Liberation Front ( NLF ), and their Pathet Lao allies to a seesaw stalemate, greatly aiding U. S. interests in the war in Vietnam.
Despite the strongly militaristic character of the Khmer Republic, and quantities of military and financial aid from the United States, its army ( the Force Armée Nationale Khmère, or FANK ) was poorly trained and unable to defeat either the CPNLAF or the Vietnamese forces of the PAVN and NLF.

NLF and total
While small in terms of total men deployed throughout the Vietnam theater, sapper attacks had a significant impact for the NLF / PAVN effort.

NLF and control
While there were many non-communist members of the NLF, they were subject to the control of the party cadres and increasingly side-lined as the conflict continued ; they did, however, enable the NLF to portray itself as a primarily nationalist, rather than communist, movement, despite being in almost direct control by the Northern regime.
Less known was an operation within the CIA's Phoenix Program in Vietnam where a team of CIA psychologists performed mind control experiments on NLF suspects being detained at Bien Hoa Prison outside of Saigon.
Two nationalist groups, the Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen ( FLOSY ) and the National Liberation Front ( NLF ), began an armed struggle on 14 October 1963 against British control and, with the temporary closure of the Suez Canal in 1967, the British began to withdraw.
Al-Shaabi's National Liberation Front ( NLF ) political organisation wrested control of the country from the British and won political supremacy over the opposition Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen ( FLOSY ) in 1967.
Al-Shaabi held the presidency until 22 June 1969, when a hard-line Marxist group from within his own NLF seized control.
The region was under control of the Viet Minh throughout the French war in Vietnam and continued to be so throughout the phase of American involvement in the Vietnam War, despite concerted efforts on the part of US and South Vietnamese forces to destabilize the region as a power base for their enemy, the communist North Vietnamese-sponsored and-directed South Vietnamese insurgent movement, the National Liberation Front ( NLF ).

NLF and new
The 1968 Tet offensive showed the importance of the NLF infrastructure, and the military setback for the US made it politically more palatable for the new program to be implemented.
Before the election of 2002 some elements affiliated to the NLF, in co-operation with other independent activists ( leftists and liberals ), launched a legal political body under a new rule governing the establishment of political associations.

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