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The Niellim language ( autonym lwaà ) is a Bua language spoken by some 5, 000 people ( as of 1993 ) along the Chari River in southern Chad.
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Niellim and language
In addition, almost all Laal speak Niellim as a second language, and 20 %– 30 % of their vocabulary is cognate with Niellim, especially agricultural vocabulary ( Boyeldieu 1977, Lionnet 2010 ).
* Niellim language, a Bua language spoken in southern Chad
Niellim and is
The family was proposed by Joseph Greenberg in The Languages of Africa under the name Adamawa – Eastern as a primary branch of the Niger – Congo family, and itself divided in two branches, Adamawa ( e. g. Niellim ) and Ubangian ( e. g. Ngbandi, on which the creole Sango is based ).
Indeed, some of the words cognate with Niellim, including some basic vocabulary, is not cognate with closely related Bua, suggesting that these are not Adamawa roots but loans in Niellim from the Laal substrate ( Lionnet 2010 ).
It is mainly spoken in two areas: one around the city of Sarh ( to which many-perhaps most-speakers have migrated ) and one, its traditional home, further north, between about 9 ° 30 ′ and 9 ° 50 ′ N, corresponding to the former chiefdoms of Pra, Niellim, and Niou.
Niellim borders on several languages of diverse families – in particular Sara, Ndam, and Laal – and is influenced by the local lingua franca, Baguirmi ; it has itself strongly influenced Laal, but also apparently has been influenced by Laal, or a relative of Laal, since much of the common Laal – Niellim vocabulary is not Bua.
Niellim and Bua
Their immediate neighbors speak Bua, Niellim, and Ndam.
The first to note the similarity between Bua and Niellim in print was G. Nachtigal, in 1889.
Johannes Lukas ( 1937 ) likewise described a " Bua-Gruppe " consisting of Bua, Niellim, and Koke, and in Joseph Greenberg's 1963 classification The Languages of Africa, the three languages were placed together in the Adamawa subphylum as a group named Adamawa-13.
Includes ( pp. 107 – 122 ) a 200-word comparative list of Bua, Niellim, Fanian, and Tunia, with a brief grammar and some phrases collected by Decorse.
Gives the wordlists of Nachtigal, zu Mecklenburg, Barth, and Gaudefroy-Demombynes for Bua (~ 400 words ), Niellim (~ 200 words ), and Koke (~ 100 words ).
Includes an over-inclusive list of Bua languages, a grammatical summary of Bua, Tunia, and Niellim based on existing fieldwork, and a brief comparative wordlist for Day.
Includes ( pp. 107 – 122 ) a 200-word comparative list of Bua, Niellim, Fanian, and Tunia, with a brief grammar and some phrases collected by Decorse.
Gives the wordlists of Nachtigal, zu Mecklenburg, Barth, and Gaudefroy-Demombynes for Bua (~ 400 words ), Niellim (~ 200 words ), and Koke (~ 100 words ).
** Bua languages: Bua, Niellim, Gula Iro, etc.
Niellim and spoken
* Niellim or Lua ( 5, 157 speakers in 1993 ), spoken around Niellim and Niou along the Chari River north of Sarh ( including the extinct Chini dialect )
Niellim and some
Includes an 80-word comparative list for Niellim and three Tunia varieties, with some remarks on regular correspondences
Niellim and .
Like their neighbors the Niellim, they were formerly cattle herders, but lost their herds around the turn of the 19th century.
They are mainly Muslims, although until the latter half of the 20th century they followed the traditional Yondo religion of the Niellim.
Elements of Noy, plus a 50-word comparative list of Noy, Niellim ( 2 dialects ), Tunia, Iro Gula.
See Niellim, Gula Iro for works on those languages.
Included among the Sara are the Ngambaye, the Mbaye, the Goulay, the Madjingaye, the Kaba, the Sara-Kaba, the Niellim, the Nar, the Dai and Ngama.
language and autonym
Their autonym is ( oθaakiiwaki in their own language, and their exonym is Ozaagii (- wag ) in Ojibwe.
The most likely derivation, however, is an Anglicisation of their autonym, or name for themselves: Tsalagi in their language.
Collectively the Cree used the autonym Nēhilawē ( those who speak our language ).
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The Mirandese language ( autonym: mirandés or lhéngua mirandesa ; or ) is a Romance language belonging to the Astur-Leonese linguistic group, sparsely spoken in a small area of northeastern Portugal, in the municipalities of Miranda do Douro, Mogadouro and Vimioso.
In the Mohawk language, the people call themselves the autonym, Kanien ' kehá: ka, " People of the Place of Flint " or " People of the crystal " or " People of the shards of light ".
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The name is an autonym from the Chiricahua language.
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So the words " Mozarabic " or " ajamiya " are exonyms and not an autonym of the language.
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The name " Peoria " derives from their autonym or name for themselves in the Illinois language, peewaareewa ( modern pronunciation peewaalia ).
The Bouyei language ( autonym: Haausqyaix also spelled Buyi, Buyei, or Puyi ;, ), is a language spoken by the Bouyei ethnic group of southern Guizhou Province in mainland China.
The Winnebago speak a Siouan language and their name for themselves, or autonym, is Ho-Chunk ( Hocąk ).
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