* 1696 – Mahmud I, Ottoman Sultan ( d. 1754 )

Ahmed I ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد اول Aḥmed-i evvel, ) or Ahmed Bakhti ( April 18, 1590 – November 22, 1617 ) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1603 until his death in 1617.

A half-brother of Ahmed, Yahya, resented his accession to the Ottoman throne in 1603, and spent his life scheming to become Sultan.

Ahmed II Khan Ghazi ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد ثانى Aḥmed-i < u > s </ u > ānī ) < span dir =" ltr ">( February 25, 1643 – February 6, 1695 )</ span > was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1691 to 1695.

Ahmed III ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد ثالث Aḥmed-i < u > s </ u > āli < u > s </ u >) < span dir =" ltr ">( December 30 / 31, 1673 – July 1, 1736 )</ span > was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and a son of Sultan Mehmed IV ( 1648 – 87 ).

In 1710 he convinced the Ottoman Sultan Ahmed III to declare war against Russia, and the Ottoman forces under Baltacı Mehmet Pasha won a major victory at the Battle of Prut.

The subsequent Ottoman victories against Russia enabled the Ottoman Empire to advance to Moscow, had the Sultan wished.

In the year 1712, the Mughal Emperor Jahandar Shah, a grandson of Aurangzeb sent gifts to the Ottoman Sultan Ahmad III and refereed to himself as the Ottoman Sultan's devoted admirer.

* 1909 – The Turkish military reverses the Ottoman countercoup of 1909 to force the overthrow of Sultan Abdul Hamid II.

* 1514 – The Battle of Chaldiran ends with a decisive victory for the Sultan Selim I, Ottoman Empire, over the Shah Ismail I, Safavids founder.

* 1876 – Ottoman Sultan Murat V is deposed and succeeded by his brother Abd-ul-Hamid II.

* 1909 – Sultan of Ottoman Empire Abdul Hamid II is overthrown, and is succeeded by his brother, Mehmed V.

The castle was much fought over during the Crusades and was finally conquered by the Ottoman Sultan Beyazid I in 1392 but was lost after the invasion of Timur Lenk in 1402.

Abdülaziz ( Ottoman Turkish: عبد العزيز / ` Abdü ’ l -` Azīz ; February 9 / 18, 1830 – June 4, 1876 ) was the 32nd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and reigned between 25 June 1861 and 30 May 1876.

Abdülhamid I, Abdul Hamid I or Abd Al-Hamid I ( Ottoman Turkish: عبد الحميد اول ` Abdü ’ l-Ḥamīd-i evvel ), which translates to the Servant of God ( March 20, 1725 – April 7, 1789 ), was the 27th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

Born at the Eyüp Palace, Constantinople ( Constantinople ), on 9 / 18 February 1830, Abdülaziz received an Ottoman education but was nevertheless an ardent admirer of the material progress that was made in the West.

The biggest achievement of Abdülaziz was to modernize the Ottoman Navy.

* Sultan Abdülaziz ( Ottoman Empire )

The Muhammad Ali Dynasty ’ s use of the title Khedive was not sanctioned by the Ottoman Empire until 1867 when Sultan Abdülaziz officially recognized it as the title of Ismail Pasha.

Two years later, on June 10, 1869, Gavand received permission from the Ottoman sultan Abdülaziz to start the project with a forty-two year concession to operate it.

This trend began in 1861, with the translation into Ottoman Turkish of François Fénelon's 1699 novel Les aventures de Télémaque, by Yusuf Kâmil Pasha, Grand Vizier to Sultan Abdülaziz.

* Abdülaziz Efendi ( born 1735 ), Ottoman physician and poet

* Abdülaziz ( 1830 – 1876 ), Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

The area was thus the scene of great intrigues of the late Ottoman period such as the dethronement of Sultan Abdülaziz at Dolmabahçe Palace in a coup in 1876, the announcement of the founding of the Ottoman parliament in 1908, and the deposing of Sultan Abdul Hamid II at Yıldız Palace in 1909.

Sultan Abdülaziz ( 1861 – 1876 ) was the first Ottoman sultan to travel to Europe.

The Ottoman era yalı ( residence ) | yalı, which was presented to Esma Sultana ( 1873-1899 ) | Sultana Esma as a wedding gift by her father Abdülaziz I | Sultan Abdülaziz, was largely damaged by a fire in 1975.

The Exarchate ( a de-facto autocephaly ) was unilaterally ( without the blessing of the Ecumenical Patriarch ) promulgated on, in the Bulgarian church in Constantinople in pursuance of the firman of Sultan Abdülaziz of the Ottoman Empire.

In seeking to calm down the disturbances, the Ottoman government of Abdülaziz granted the right to establish an autonomous Bulgarian Exarchate for the dioceses of Bulgaria as well as those, wherein at least two thirds of Orthodox Christians were willing to join it, by issuing the Sultan's firman promulgated on.

In 1861, a national constitution ( Sahmanadrootiun in Armenian ) was granted to Armenians living in the Ottoman Empire by Sultan Abdülaziz.

In 1867, Namik Kemal and other Young Ottomans published the open letter of a disgruntled Egyptian prince Mustafa Fazl Pasha to the Ottoman Sultan Abdülaziz, advocating constitutional and parliamentary governance.

In January, after a successful coup by young army officers, the Ottoman Empire decided to continue the war.

In 1831, Muhammad Ali of Egypt conquered Ottoman Syria and decided to revive and resettle much of its regions.

In preparation for the next attempt to break the Greek blockade, the Ottoman Admiralty decided to create a diversion by sending the light cruiser Hamidiye, captained by Rauf Bey, to raid Greek merchant shipping in the Aegean.

The Turks decided to abandon the fortress, though reinforcements from Ottoman Empire arrived a few days before.

Peter I demanded Charles's eviction, and when the sultan refused, Peter decided to force it by invading the Ottoman Empire.

January 30: The Supreme Council of the Peace Conference decided that the Ottoman Empire's Arab provinces would not be returned to Turkey.

For a short while he lived in Nikopol, the Ottoman Empire, but decided to make his way to the Palestine so that he could immerse himself in its sanctity and complete his written works.

At the end of the month, the Paris Peace Conference decided that the Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire should be wholly separated and the newly conceived mandate-system applied to them.

Upon reading about the Arab Revolt and due to an increasing hostile Ottoman approach to Arab affairs ( his friend Salim Al-Jazairi was executed along with other prominent Arabs for nationalist activities by another Ottoman general, Jamal Pasha ), Ja ’ far decided that this was precisely in line with beliefs he had and decided to switch sides from the Ottomans to the Hashemite Revolt forces along with his friend Nuri as-Said.

Chaired by Britain's foreign secretary, Sir Edward Grey, the ambassadors ' conference initially decided to create an autonomous Albania under continued Ottoman rule, but with the protection of the Great Powers.

Nevertheless, the Ottoman leadership decided to defend the entirety of their territory.

After the battle of Kirk Kilisse the Bulgarian high command decided to wait a few days, a decision which allowed the Ottoman forces to occupy a new defensive position on the Lüleburgaz-Karaağaç-Pınarhisar line.

In preparation for the next attempt to break the Greek blockade, the Ottoman Admiralty decided to create a diversion by sending the light cruiser Hamidiye, captained by Rauf Bey, to raid Greek merchant shipping in the Aegean.

During the popular uprising against the Ottoman Empire in 1912, which engulfed all Albanian populated lands, Albanian patriots decided to establish an independent state.

The peace Congress in Paris ( February – March 1856 ) decided that Wallachia and Moldavia, which had been under Ottoman suzerainty, were now placed under the collective guarantee of the seven powers that signed the Paris peace treaty.

In 1602, Abbas decided he would no longer put up with Ottoman insults.

In the middle of the 15th century, Ottoman threat kept rising and therefore the inhabitants of Pag decided to build a new town.

The 18th century in the Romanian lands was dominated by the Ottoman Empire, which decided not to allow Romanian rulers in Wallachia and Moldavia and ruled, instead, through Greek merchants of Istanbul, called phanariotes.

Ottoman general Omar Pasha decided in March 1852 to disarm the Herzegovinians of their weapons, this sparked an outrage in the region in which local clan chief Luka Vukalović was holding.

In 1604, Shah Abbas I Safavi, concerned that the lands of Nakhichevan and the surrounding areas would pass into Ottoman hands, decided to institute a scorched earth policy.

It was decided that the three light horse brigades would advance mounted with the Yeomanry to attack the German and Ottoman right flank.

Hussein, who until then had officially been on the Ottoman side decided to defect over the Allied camp because of rumours that Sharif Ali Haidar, leader of the competing Zaid family for the position of Sharif of Mecca was in increasing favour with the Ottoman government, and that he would soon be desposed.