Membership in International Organizations: The major organizations in which Colombia is a member include: the Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean, Andean Pact, Caribbean Development Bank, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Group of 3, Group of 11, Group of 24, Group of 77, Inter-American Development Bank, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Chamber of Commerce, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Criminal Police Organization, International Development Association, International Finance Corporation, International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Labour Organization, International Maritime Organization, International Maritime Satellite Organization, International Monetary Fund ( IMF ), International Olympic Committee, International Organization for Migration, International Organization for Standardization, International Telecommunication Union, International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, International Trade Union Confederation, Latin American Economic System, Latin American Integration Association, Latin Union, Non-Aligned Movement, Organization of American States ( OAS ), Permanent Court of Arbitration, Rio Group, United Nations ( UN ), UN Conference on Trade and Development, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UN Industrial Development Organization, UN Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees, Universal Postal Union, World Confederation of Labour, World Federation of Trade Unions, World Health Organization, World Intellectual Property Organization, World Meteorological Organization, World Tourism Organization, and World Trade Organization.

It alleged that Americas Watch gave too much credence to alleged Contra abuses and systematically tried to discredit Nicaraguan human rights groups such as the Permanent Commission on Human Rights, which blamed the major human rights abuses on the Sandinistas.

One member of the Permanent Commission for Human Rights commented on the Americas Watch report and its chief investigator Juan Mendez: " The Sandinistas are laying the groundwork for a totalitarian society here and yet all Mendez wanted to hear about were abuses by the contras.

Laos is a member of the following international organizations: Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation ( ACCT ), Association of Southeast Asian NationsASEAN, ASEAN Free Trade Area ( AFTA ), ASEAN Regional Forum, Asian Development Bank, Colombo Plan, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific ( ESCAP ), Food and Agriculture Organization ( FAO ), Group of 77G-77, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ( World Bank ), International Civil Aviation Organization ( ICAO ), International Development Association ( IDA ), International Fund for Agricultural Development ( IFAD ), International Finance Corporation ( IFC ), International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, International Labour Organization ( ILO ), International Monetary Fund ( IMF ), Intelsat ( nonsignatory user ), Interpol, International Olympic Commission ( IOC ), International Telecommunication UnionITU, Mekong Group, Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM ), Permanent Court of Arbitration ( PCA ), United Nations, United Nations Convention on Trade and Development ( UNCTAD ), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ), United Nations Industrial Development Organization ( UNIDO ), Universal Postal Union ( UPU ), World Federation of Trade Unions, World Health Organization ( WHO ), World Intellectual Property Organization ( WIPO ), World Meteorological Organization ( WMO ), World Tourism Organization, World Trade Organization ( observer ).

These included the Disarmament Commission, the Health Organization, the International Labour Organization ( ILO ), the Mandates Commission, the International Commission on Intellectual Cooperation ( precursor to UNESCO ), the Permanent Central Opium Board, the Commission for Refugees, and the Slavery Commission.

The Permanent Mandates Commission supervised League of Nations mandates, and also organized plebiscites in disputed territories so that residents could decide which country they would join.

It participates in the Economic Community of West African States ( ECOWAS ) and the West African Economic Monetary Union ( UEMOA ) for regional economic integration ; Liptako-Gourma Authority, which seeks to develop the contiguous areas of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso ; the Niger River Commission ; the Permanent Interstate Committee for drought control in the Sahel ( CILSS ); and the Senegal River Valley Development Organization ( OMVS ).

The two nations formed the Nigeria-Niger Joint Commission for Cooperation ( NNJC ), established in March, 1971 with its Permanent Secretariat in Niamey, Niger.

The two nations formed the Nigeria-Niger Joint Commission for Cooperation ( NNJC ), established in March, 1971 with its Permanent Secretariat in Niamey, Niger.

The presbytery also maintains a Permanent Judicial Commission, which acts as a court of appeal from sessions, and which exercises original jurisdiction in disciplinary cases against minister members of the presbytery.

Every synod elects a Permanent Judicial Commission, which has original jurisdiction in remedial cases brought against its constituent presbyteries, and which also serves as an ecclesiastical court of appeal for decisions rendered by its presbyteries ' Permanent Judicial Commissions.

Time magazine in 1983 published reports of human rights violations in an article which stated that " According to Nicaragua's Permanent Commission on Human Rights, the regime detains several hundred people a month ; about half of them are eventually released, but the rest simply disappear.

Nicaragua ’ s Permanent Commission on Human Rights reported 2, 000 murders in the first six months and 3, 000 disappearances in the first few years.

The CIIR was critical of the Permanent Commission on Human Rights ( PCHR or CPDH in Spanish ), claiming that the organisation had a tendency to immediately publish accusations against the government without first establishing a factual basis for the allegations.

The CIIR report also questioned the independence of the Permanent Commission on Human Rights, referring to an article in the Washington Post which claims that the National Endowment for Democracy, an organization funded by the US government, allocated a concession of US $ 50, 000 for assistance in the translation and distribution outside Nicaragua of its monthly report, and that these funds were administered by Prodemca, a US-based organization which later published full-page adverisments in the Washington Post and New York Times supporting military aid to the Contras.

The Permanent Commission denies that it received any money which it claims was instead used by others for translating and distributing their monthly reports in other nations.

In the report, Laverty observes that: " The entire board of directors the Permanent Commission, are members of or closely identify with the ' Nicaraguan Democratic Coordinating Committee ' ( Coordinadora ), an alliance of the more rightwing parties and COSEP, the business organization.

On the other hand, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights states: " During its on-site observation in 1978 under the Government of General Somoza, the Permanent Commission on Human Rights in Nicaragua, ( CPDH ) gave the Commission notable assistance, which certainly helped it to prepare its report promptly and correctly.

There have been a number of proposals for reform of the calendar, such as the World Calendar, International Fixed Calendar, Holocene calendar, and, recently, the Hanke-Henry Permanent Calendar.

The Second World War effectively ended the International Agricultural Institute, though it was only officially dissolved by resolution of its Permanent Committee on February 27, 1948.

In the years that followed, other states subscribed to limitations of their conduct, and numerous other treaties and bodies were created to regulate the conduct of states towards one another in terms of these treaties, including, but not limited to, the Permanent Court of Arbitration in 1899 ; the Hague and Geneva Conventions, the first of which was passed in 1907 ; the International Court of Justice in 1921 ; the Genocide Convention ; and the International Criminal Court, in the late 1990s.

Often enormously complicated matters, ICJ cases ( of which there have been less than 150 since the court was created from the Permanent Court of International Justice in 1945 ) can stretch on for years and generally involve thousands of pages of pleadings, evidence, and the world's leading specialist public international lawyers.

A number of ideas from the International Prize Court can be seen in present day international courts, such as its provision for judges ad hoc, later adopted in the Permanent Court of International Justice and the subsequent International Court of Justice.

* 1938 – The Permanent Commission of International Maritime Law declares Portugal as the legitimate sovereign over the islands on February 15.

Full command of the Fleet and responsibility for the Fleet element of military operational capability including the Royal Marines and the Royal Fleet Auxiliary, is delegated to Commander-in-Chief Fleet, with his Command Headquarters in the Navy Command Headquarters Building at HMS Excellent in Portsmouth and his Operational Headquarters at Northwood, in the London Borough of Hillingdon, co-located with the Permanent Joint Headquarters and a NATO Regional Command, Allied Maritime Component Command Northwood (' AMCCN '); CINCFLEET is dual-hatted as Commander AMCCN.

* March 1981-Singapore's Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Ambassador Tommy Koh, assumed the Presidency of the Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea.

According to the " Committee on the Establishment of a Permanent Organization for the Improvement of the Law ," part of the law's uncertainty stemmed from the lack of agreement on fundamental principles of the common-law system, while the law's complexity was attributed to the numerous variations within different jurisdictions.

July 31, 1958 the Law of Permanent Defense of the Democracy was derogated by the National Congress, therefore the ban of the Communist Party was repealed.

During the 1980s he starred in three films directed by Jim Jarmusch, Stranger Than Paradise, Down by Law, and Permanent Vacation.

It is often called the seat of international law because it houses the International Court of Justice ( which is the principal judicial body of the United Nations ), the Permanent Court of Arbitration, the Hague Academy of International Law, and the extensive Peace Palace Library.

* Chang-fa Lo, professor of Law at National Taiwan University and Member of the WTO Permanent Group of Experts for Subsidies

Antonio Sánchez de Bustamante y Sirven ( April 13, 1865 in Havana, Cuba-August 24, 1951 in Havana, Cuba ) was a Cuban lawyer, professor of Public and Private International Law, Senator to the Cuban Congress, politician and two-time Judge of the Permanent Court of International Justice at the Hague ( 1922 – 1944 ).

Then Permanent Secretary for Education and Manpower Fanny Law rejected causal connections, but provoked furore among teachers and the public when she questioned why only two teachers committed suicide because of the reforms.

In response, he first expelled them from his cabinet and then banned them completely under the 1948 Law of Permanent Defense of the Democracy (), which banned communist and like-minded parties.

In recognising that academic freedom is a self-contained right under Articles 34 and 137 of the Basic Law, the Court of First Instance held that the Permanent Secretary's ( Mrs Fanny Law ) approach did not violate the institute's right to academic freedom as she had not made any direct or indirect threats of sanction.

In recognising that academic freedom is a self-contained right under Articles 34 and 137 of the Basic Law, the Court of First Instance held that the Permanent Secretary's approach did not violate the institute's right to academic freedom as she had not made any direct or indirect threats of sanction.

Dato was a member of the International Permanent Court in The Hague ( he became Vice-President in 1913 ), member of the International Law Institute, administrator of the bank firm ' Banco Hipotecario ' and President of the National Institute of Social Security, the Council of Public Instruction and the Academy of Jurisprudence and Legislation.

Testimony by Charles W. Yost ( former U. S. Permanent Representative to the United Nations ), Richard A. Falk ( professor of International Law and Practice, Princeton University ) and John W. Lewis ( professor, Institute of Political Studies, Stanford University ) on the desirability of setting firm withdrawal date ; policy in SE Asia following withdrawal, including need for Geneva-type conference ; moral aspects of the Vietnam war including debate on the extent to which U. S. war policies may have constituted war crimes ; China's changing role in Indochina ; necessity and means of persuading President of present opportunities to end Vietnam war.

Elevated as a Permanent Judge of the Supreme Court of Pakistan on December 10, 1989, Member of the Committee on Arms Control and Disarmament Law of the International Law Association ; participated in Symposium under the Auspices of International Law Association held at Geneva on 9th & 10 June, 1995, on the subject or “ ONGOING PROLIFERATION CHALLENGES: Legal Aspects ”; attended Seminar on “ The Rights and Duties of States ” that have signed or ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention, on 2 July, 1997, at Hague, Netherlands ; contributed an Article published in Volume III of Arms Control and Disarmament Law titled “ Future Legal Restraints on Arms Proliferation ” published by the United Nations and launched at United Nations Headquarters in November, 1996 ; Member of the Executive Council of Allama Iqbal Open University from September, 1996 to December, 1997 ; Chairman, Pakistan Zakat Council from August, 1991 to July, 1994.

* 1986-1989-First Secretary at the Portuguese Permanent Representation at the UN and other International Organisations ( responsible for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law ), Geneva

Supported by Eisenhower, the " Act to Establish a Permanent Nurse Corps of the Army and Navy and to Establish a Women's Medical Specialists Corps in the Army ", or the Army-Navy Nurses Act of 1947, passed and became Public Law 8036, granting regular, permanent status to female nurses.

Alongside The Hague Academy of International Law the Peace Palace houses highest judicial institutions such as the International Court of Justice and the Bureau of the Permanent Court of Arbitration.

He served as a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague from 1974-1990 and as a member of the United Nations International Law Commission three times ( 1982-1986, 1987-1991 and 1997-2001 ).

He is author of Psychiatry in the Everyday Practice of Law, Fourth Edition ( Thomson / West ), Lovers, Killers, Husbands and Wives ( St. Martin's Press ), Fluke ( Permanent Press ), Choosing Lovers ( Glenbridge Publishing ) and The Lucrecia Borgia Cookbook ( Renaissance Press ), as well as author of articles for the Journal of American Medical Association, The Archives of General Psychiatry, The American Journal of Neuropsychiatry, Judicature, Journal of the California State Bar Association, Journal of the Hawaiian State Bar Association, and Journal of the American Bar Association, among many others.