Usually also included are the Afroasiatic languages native to the North Africa, the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and the Near East, as well as the Dravidian languages of the Indian Subcontinent ( sometimes extended to Elamo-Dravidian, connecting India and the Persian Plateau ).

All Persian gardens, from the ancient to the high classical were developed in opposition to the harsh and arid landscape of the Iranian Plateau.

According to certain historical assumptions about the early history and origin of ancient Persians in south-western Iran ( where Achaemenids hailed from ), Old Persian was originally spoken by a tribe called Parsuwash who arrived in the Iranian Plateau early in the 1st millennium BCE and finally migrated down into the area of present day Fārs province and their language, i. e. Old Persian, became the official language of the Achaemenid kings.

Assyrian records, which in fact provide the earliest evidence for ancient Iranians ( Persian and Median ) presence on the Iranian Plateau, give a good chronology but only an approximate geographical indication of ancient Persians.

In Western European and Middle Eastern cultures, it has frequently been applied to the Ancient Near Eastern Chalcolithic ( Ubaid period, Naqada culture ), especially in the Fertile Crescent ( Levant and Mesopotamia ), but also extended to sites in Armenia, and the Persian Plateau.

Dialects of Persian are sporadically spoken throughout the region from China to Syria, though mainly in Iranian Plateau.

*( 12 ) Achaemenid Persia ( Persian Plateau ) Fleets: Red Sea ; Black Sea ; E Med.

Later during the 6th century BC, most of Anatolia was conquered by the Persian Achaemenid Empire, the Persians having usurped the Medes as the dominant dynasty in Iran.

* National Persian Gulf Day ( Iran )

* 1906 – Persian Constitutional Revolution: Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar, King of Iran, agrees to convert the government to a constitutional monarchy.

The Arabian Sea ( Persian Sea ) is a region of the Indian Ocean bounded on on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the south by northeastern Somalia, on the east by India and on the west by the Arabian Peninsula.

The same period saw the rapid rise of Persia, previously an unimportant kingdom in present-day southern Iran, to a position of great power, and in 539 BC Cyrus II, the Persian ruler, conquered Babylon.

The Behistun Inscription ( also Bistun or Bisutun, Modern Persian: بیستون < Old Persian: Bagastana, meaning " the place of god ") is a multi-lingual inscription located on Mount Behistun in the Kermanshah Province of Iran, near the city of Kermanshah in western Iran.

The Iranian ( Persian ) calendar is used in Iran and some parts of Afghanistan.

Following the fall of the Shah of Iran and the Iran Hostage Crisis in 1979 – 1980, the West became concerned with ensuring the flow of oil from the Persian Gulf through the Strait of Hormuz, and the US received permission for a $ 400 million expansion of the military facilities on Diego Garcia consisting of two parallel runways, expansive parking aprons for heavy bombers, 20 new anchorages in the lagoon, a deep water pier, port facilities for the largest naval vessels in the US or British fleet, aircraft hangars, maintenance buildings and an air terminal, a fuel storage area, and billeting and messing facilities for thousands of sailors and support personnel.

When Pakistan clamped down in 2003 on the types of goods permitted duty-free transit, and introducing stringent measures and labels to prevent such practices, re-routing of goods through Iran from the Persian Gulf increased significantly.

Shortly before leaving he had issued a famous instruction to F. Gaspar Barazeuz who was leaving to go to Ormuz ( a kingdom on an island in the Persian Gulf, now part of Iran ), that he should mix with sinners:

Other events include the AIDS epidemic, the War on Drugs, the Iran hostage crisis, the Persian Gulf War, the Dot-com bubble, grunge, alternative rock and hip hop.

The oldest depictions of harps without a forepillar are from 500 BCE, which was the Persian harp of Perspolis / Persia in Iran and from 400 BCE in Egypt.

Although the reasons for Saddam Husayn's decision to invade Iran were complicated, the leaders of the Baath Party had long resented Iranian hegemony in the Persian Gulf region and had especially resented the perceived Iranian interference in Iraq's internal affairs both before and after the 1979 Islamic Revolution.

The Iran – Iraq War ( also known as the First Persian Gulf War ) was an armed conflict between Iraq and Iran lasting from September 1980 to August 1988, making it the longest conventional war of the 20th century.

Iraq was also aiming to replace Iran as the dominant Persian Gulf state.

The program was a dramatic reversal of the traditional secularism of Pakistan's founding Muslim League and its leader Mohammad Ali Jinnah, but unlike neighboring Iran, Zia-ul-Haq's policies were intended to " avoid revolutionary excess ", and not to strain relations with his American and Persian Gulf state allies.

* 1988 – United States Navy warship shoots down Iran Air Flight 655 over the Persian Gulf, killing all 290 people aboard.

As a consequence of this Iran attacked Kuwait's oil tankers and Kuwait was forced to seek protection from the United States, which sent warships to the Persian Gulf.

< center > Khosrau II dressed as a mounted Persian knight riding on his favourite horse, Shabdiz. The oldest known relief of a heavily armoured cavalryman, from the Sassanid empire, Taq-i Bostan, Iran ( 4th century ).</ center >

Strategically located in the Northern Persian Gulf between the major markets of Saudi Arabia and Iran, the airport has one of the widest range and highest frequency of regional services with connections to major international destinations in Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America.

Kotlyarevsky defeated the numerically superior Persian army in the Battle of Aslanduz and in October, 1813, Persia was compelled to make a disadvantageous peace, ceding some territory in the Caucasus ( present-day Georgia, Dagestan, and most of the Republic of Azerbaijan ).

Iran has astonishingly even supported Christian Armenia against Shi ' ite Azerbaijan and has been careful not to lend too much support to Islamic Tajiks in Tajikistan, where the language is basically a dialect of Persian .</ BLOCKQUOTE > In this regard the Islamic Republic resembles another revolutionary state, the old Soviet Union.

Idul Fitri, Hari Lebaran ( Indonesian ); Hari Raya Aidilfitri, Hari Raya Puasa, Hari Lebaran ( Malay ); Wakas ng Ramadan, Hari Raya Buka Puasa, Pagtatapos ng Pag-aayuno ( Filipino ); Nonbu Perunaal ( Tamil ); Ngaidul Fitri ( Javanese ); Boboran Siyam ( Sundanese ); Uroë Raya Puasa ( Acehnese ); র ো জ া র ঈদ ( Rojar Eid ) ( Bengali ); Ramazan Bayramı, Şeker Bayramı, Küçük Bayram ( Turkish ); Ramazan Bayramı, Orucluq Bayramı ( Azerbaijan ); Ураза байрам, Uraza bayram ( Tatar ); Ораза айт ( Oraza ait ) ( Kazakh ), Orozo Mayram ( Kyrgyz ); Rozi Heyt ( Uyghur ); Eid Nimaz ( Sindhi ); Korite ( Senegal ); Id ( Uganda ); Sallah ( Hausa ); Kochnay hi supAkhtar ( کوچنی اختر ) ( Pashto ); Eid-e Sa ' eed-e Fitr ( The Mirthful Festival of Fitr, Persian ); Choti Eid, Meethi Eid ( Urdu ); Cheriya Perunnal ( Malayalam ); Ramazanski bajram ( Bosnian ); Bajram ( Albanian ); Cejna Remezanê ( Kurdish ); Ramazanski bajram ( Croatian ); Праздник Нарушения Поста ( Russian ); Рамазански бајрам ( Serbian ); Fiesta de la ruptura del ayuno ( Spanish ); Рамазан Бајрам ( Macedonian ); Рамазан Байрам ( Bulgarian ); Ciid Yare ( Somali ); Id al-Fater ( Ethiopia ); Oraza baýramy ( Turkmen ); Suikerfeest ( Dutch ); עיד אל-פיטר ( Hebrew ); 开斋的盛宴 ( Chinese ).

However, minorities in both Azerbaijan and Iran continue to speak the earlier Iranian languages to this day, and Middle-and Modern Persian loanwords are numerous in the Azerbaijani language.

Richard Sorge alerted Moscow that Japan would attack the Soviet Union from the East as soon as the German army captured any city on the Volga, thus effectively disrupting oil supplies from Baku and also ammunition and food supplies sent by the allies from the Persian Gulf through Iran, Soviet Azerbaijan and up the Volga river.

Albania ( Latin:, Greek:, in Old Armenian: Աղուանք Ałuankʿ ( Aguank ), Parthian: Ardhan, Middle Persian: Arran ; usually referred to as Caucasian Albania for disambiguation with the modern state of Albania ; the native name for the country is unknown ) is a name for the historical region of the eastern Caucasus, that existed on the territory of present-day republic of Azerbaijan ( where both of its capitals were located ) and partially southern Dagestan.

:: Padişah-i thalath şehireha-i Qostantiniyye, Edirne ve Hüdavendigâr, ül şehireyn-i Dimaşq ve Qahira, tamam Azerbayjan, Mağrib, Barqah, Kayravan, Haleb, ül -‘ Iraq-i ‘ Arab vel ‘ Ajam, Basra, ül-dulan-i Lahsa, Rakka, Musul, Partiyye, Diyârbekir, Kilikiyye, ül vilâyatun-i Erzurum, Sivas, Adana, Karaman, Van, Barbariyye, Habeş, Tunus, Trablus-i Garb, Şam, Kıbrıs, Rodos, Girit, ül vilâyet-i Mora, ül Bahr-i Sefid vel Bahr-i Siyah ve i-swahil, Anadolu, Rumeli, Bagdâd, Kurdistân, Yunanistan, Türkistan, Tatariyye, Çerkesyye, ül mintaqateyn-i Kabarda, Gürjistan, ül-Deşt-i Qipçaq, tamam ül-mamlikat-i Tatar, Kefe ve tamam ül-etraf, Bosna, ül şehir ve hisar-i Belgrat, ül vilâyet-i Sırbistan bil tamam ül-hisareha ve şehireha, tamam Arnavut, tamam Eflak ve Boğdan, ve tamam ül-mustamlak vel-hududeha, ve muteaddit mamalekat ve şehireha, i. e. Emperor of The Three Cities of Constantinople, Adrianople and Bursa, and of the Cities of Damascus and Cairo, of all Azerbaijan, of the Magreb, of Barka, of Kairouan, of Aleppo, of the Arabic and the Persian Iraq, of Basra, of Al-Hasa strip, of Ar Raqqah, of Mosul, of Parthia, of Diyarbakır, of Cilicia, of the provinces of Erzurum, of Sivas, of Adana, of Karaman, Van, of Barbary, of Abyssinia, of Tunisia, of Tripoli, of Damascus, of Cyprus, of Rhodes, of Crete, of the province of Morea, of the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea and also their coasts, of Anatolia, Rumelia, Baghdad, Greece, Turkistan, Tartary, Circassia, of the two regions of Kabarda, of Georgia, of the Steppe of Kypchaks, of the whole country of the Tatars, of Kefe and of all the neighboring regions, of Bosnia, of the City and Fort of Belgrade, of the province of Serbia, with all the castles and cities, of all Albania, of all Eflak and Bogdania, as well as all the dependencies and borders, and many other countries and cities.

Nowruz ( also Naw-Rúz, Norooz, Newroz, Navroj, and many other variants ) which means " New Day " in Persian language, marks an important traditional holiday festival celebrated in Iran as well as in many other countries with a significant population of Persian people, such as Azerbaijan, Afghanistan and Tajikistan, and by Kurdish communities in Turkey and Iraq and elsewhere.

The goitered, black-tailed or Persian gazelle ( Gazella subgutturosa ) is a gazelle found in northern Azerbaijan, part of Iran, and southwestern Pakistan, southeastern Turkey, and the Gobi Desert.

* Persian gazelle ( Gazella ( subgutturosa ) subgutturosa )-southeastern Turkey, Azerbaijan, Syria, northern and eastern Iraq, Iran, southern Afghanistan, western Pakistan

During the Soviet occupation a revival of the Azerbaijani literary language, which had largely been supplanted by Persian, was promoted with the help of writers, journalists, and teachers from Soviet Azerbaijan.

Its sources have been within historical Persia including present-day Iran, Iraq and Azerbaijan, as well as regions of Central Asia where the Persian language has historically been the national language.

There is thus Persian literature from Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Pakistan, Tajikistan and other parts of Central Asia.

This lexicon was written in order to familiarize the unfamiliar phrases found in Eastern Persian ( Darī ) poetry for the people of Arran and Azerbaijan.

The title, " Layla ," was inspired by The Story of Layla / Layla and Majnun ( ليلى و مجنون ), by the 12th-century Persian poet Nizami Ganjavi of the Ganja ( present day Azerbaijan ) Seljuq empire.

During the Mongol expedition, Azerbaijan and southern Persian dynasties in Fars and Kerman voluntarily submitted to the Mongols and agreed to pay tributes.

Due to his invasion of Rayy and Isfahan, Persian literary production was inaugurated in Azerbaijan and Iraq.

According to the October 1813 Gulistan Treaty, the Ganja Khanate, together with most of Azerbaijan, was recognized as part of the Russian Empire after Persia's defeat in the Persia-Russia wars except Persian occupation between 1826-1827.

* The old Persian name for Ganja, Azerbaijan

The Kara Koyunlu or Qara Qoyunlu, also called the Black Sheep Turkomans ( Persian / Azeri: قرا قویونلو ), were a Shi ' ite Oghuz Turkic tribal federation that ruled over the territory comprising the present-day Armenia ( 1406 ), Azerbaijan, north-western Iran, eastern Turkey and Iraq from about 1375 to 1468.

Azerbaijan or Azarbaijan (;, Kurdish: ئازه ‌ ربایجان ), also Iranian Azerbaijan, Persian Azarbaijan is a region in northwestern Iran.

In 642 A. D., Piruzan, the Persian commander fought the Muslims in Nahavand, which was a gateway to the provinces of Azerbaijan, Armenia and Albania.

Many poets that came from Azerbaijan wrote poetry in both Persian and Azerbaijani.