Then, in 396 BC, Agesilaus crossed into Asia with a force of 2, 000 neodamodes ( freed helots ) and 6, 000 allies ( including 30 spartiates ) to liberate Greek cities from Persian dominion.

The following year, 479 BC, the Allies assembled the largest Greek army yet seen and defeated the Persian invasion force at the Battle of Plataea, ending the invasion and the threat to Greece.

It was fought between the citizens of Athens, aided by Plataea, and a Persian force commanded by Datis and Artaphernes.

The first Persian invasion was a response to Greek involvement in the Ionian Revolt, when Athens and Eretria had sent a force to support the cities of Ionia in their attempt to overthrow Persian rule.

The defeat at Marathon marked the end of the first Persian invasion of Greece, and the Persian force retreated to Asia.

The expedition was intended to bring the Cyclades into the Persian empire, to punish Naxos ( which had resisted a Persian assault in 499 BC ) and then to head to Greece to force Eretria and Athens to submit to Darius or be destroyed.

After island-hopping across the Aegean, including successfully attacking Naxos, the Persian task force arrived off Euboea in mid summer.

: For a full discussion of the size of the Persian invasion force, see First Persian invasion of Greece

Since the Persian force obviously contained a high proportion of missile troops, a static defensive position would have made little sense for the Athenians ; the strength of the hoplite was in the melee, and the sooner that could be brought about, the better, from the Athenian point of view.

Then, following the battle, the Athenian army marched the 40 ( 25 miles ) or so kilometers back to Athens at a very high pace ( considering the quantity of armour, and the fatigue after the battle ), in order to head off the Persian force sailing around Cape Sounion.

Armored Cataphracts began to be deployed in eastern Europe and the near East, following the precedents established by Persian forces, as the main striking force of the armies in contrast to the earlier roles of cavalry as scouts, raiders, and outflankers.

Under Alexander the Great, this force turned east, and in a series of three decisive battles, routed the Persian forces and took their empire, which included Egypt and the Phoenician lands.

* 362 – Roman – Persian Wars: Emperor Julian arrives at Antioch with a Roman expeditionary force ( 60, 000 men ) and stays there for nine months to launch a campaign against the Persian Empire.

Before the Persian Gulf War, Kuwait maintained a small military force with equipment supplied by the United Kingdom and the United States.

The Athenians and their Plataean allies, defeat the first Persian invasion force of Greece.

A force of 10, 000 hoplites was dispatched to the Vale of Tempe, through which they believed the Persian army would have to pass, under the command of the Spartan polemarch Euenetus and Themistocles.

The Persian fleet roamed the Aegean Sea unopposed, but the first invasion force was defeated at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC.

The UN immediately condemned the action, and a coalition force led by the United States was sent to the Persian Gulf.

* Summer – Battle of Satala: A Byzantine cavalry force ( 30, 000 men ) under command of Sittas defeats a major Persian invasion into Roman Armenia.

Areas of the south east such as Harran and the Hakkari mountains continued to be inhabited by remnants of the Assyrians, but these regions remained under Parthian and then Sassanid Persian rule.

Only then in fact was payment for assembly attendance, the central event of democracy ( Similarly for the period before the Persian wars, but for the very early democracy the sources are very meagre and it can be thought of as being in an embryonic state ).

Xerxes then personally led a second Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BC, taking an enormous ( although oft-exaggerated ) army and navy to Greece.

All of Greece except the Peloponnesus thus having fallen into Persian hands, the Persians then seeking to destroy the Allied navy once and for all, suffered a decisive defeat at the Battle of Salamis.

Persian King Darius I the Great, in an attempt to subdue the Scythian horsemen who roamed across the north of the Black Sea, crossed through the Bosphorus, then marched towards the Danube River.

Herodotus, who has been called the ' Father of History ', was born in 484 BC in Halicarnassus, Asia Minor ( then under Persian overlordship ).

However, this was as much as the Greeks achieved, and they were then pursued back to the coast by Persian horsemen, losing many men in the process.

The battle ended when the Persian centre then broke in panic towards their ships, pursued by the Greeks.

The Gulf of Oman or Sea of Oman (— Ḫalīdj ʾUmān ; alternatively known as خليج مکران —, Ḫalīdj Makrān ; in Persian: دریای عمان Daryā-ye Ommān, or دریای مکران Daryā-ye Makrān ; in Khaleej Oman ) is a strait ( and not an actual gulf ) that connects the Arabian Sea with the Strait of Hormuz, which then runs to the Persian Gulf.

The Sanskrit word was changed to Bodisav in Persian texts in the 6th or 7th century, then to Budhasaf or Yudasaf in an 8th-century Arabic document ( possibly by Arabic initial " b " ﺑ changed to " y " ﻳ by duplication of a dot in handwriting ).

whilst Humayun fled to Persia to seek the alliance of Shah Tahmasp I and recaptured Kabul from his brother Kamran Mirza with Persian military assistance and then against the Sur Dynasty and his own rebellious family members.

As a British possession until 1967, they were administered by the British Governor of Aden until 1953, then by the British High Commissioner until 1963, and finally by the British Chief Political Resident of the Persian Gulf ( based in Bahrain ).

Aramaic, which had already become common in Mesopotamia, then became the official provincial administration language of first the Neo Assyrian Empire, and then the Achaemenid Persian Empire.

The Sumerian, Assyrian, Egyptian, Indian, Minoan, Greek, Roman, Persian and Arab Empires all made widespread use of opium, which was the most potent form of pain relief then available, allowing ancient surgeons to perform prolonged surgical procedures.

When the U. K. announced a policy in 1968 ( reaffirmed in March 1971 ) of ending the treaty relationships with the Persian Gulf sheikdoms, Qatar joined the other eight states then under British protection ( the seven trucial sheikdoms — the present United Arab Emirates -- and Bahrain ) in a plan to form a union of Arab emirates.

The Persian Emperor Cambyses II upon conquering Ancient Egypt sent ambassadors to Macrobia bringing luxury gifts for the Macrobian king to entice his submission, but instead the Macrobian ruler replied with a challenge for the Persian ruler in the form of an unstrung bow, that if the Persians could manage to string, they would have the right to invade his country, but until then they should thank the gods that the Macrobians never decided to invade their empire.

Sufis have spanned several continents and cultures over a millennium, at first expressed through Arabic, then through Persian, Turkish and a dozen other languages.

At the end of the Persian era in 351 BCE, it was invaded by the emperor Artaxerxes III and then by Alexander the Great in 333 BCE when the Hellenistic era of Sidon began.

After a surreal dream blending the themes of bowling, the Persian Gulf War, Maude ’ s “ vaginal ” art, and the nihilists, The Dude wakes up in a police car and is then placed in front of the police chief of Malibu.

In the immediate aftermath of the battle, Herodotus says that the Persian fleet sailed around Cape Sounion to attack Athens directly.

Thus, in August 480 BC, when the Persian army was approaching Thessaly, the Allied fleet sailed to Artemisium, and the Allied army marched to Thermopylae.

Perhaps overconfident and expecting no resistance, the Persian navy sailed into the Straits, only to find that, far from disintegrating, the Allied navy was ready for battle.

Tigris was built in Iraq and sailed with its international crew through the Persian Gulf to Pakistan and made its way into the Red Sea.

As a result of subterfuge on the part of Themistocles, the Persian navy sailed into the Straits of Salamis and tried to block both entrances.

The Allied fleet now sailed from Artemisium to Salamis to assist with the final evacuation of Athens ; en route Themistocles left inscriptions addressed to the Ionian Greek crews of the Persian fleet on all springs of water that they might stop at, asking them to defect to the Allied cause.

Baffin next took service with the British East India Company, and in 1617-1619 sailed to Surat in British India, and on his return received the special recognition of the Company for valuable surveys of the Red Sea and Persian Gulf which he had made in the course of the voyage.

At the same time, the allied fleet sailed to Samos, where the demoralised remnants of the Persian navy were based.

In command of a two vessel company fleet ( the 50-gun Condé and the frigate l ' Expédition ), d ' Estaing sailed for the Persian Gulf in September 1759.

Soon after, the Persian fleet moved to attack the Ionians, who sailed out to meet them.

The Chians fought valiantly, at one point breaking the Persian line and capturing many ships, but sustaining many losses of their own ; eventually the remaining Chian ships sailed away, thereby ending the battle.

The Persian army then re-conquered the settlements on the Asian side of the Propontis, while the Persian fleet sailed up the European coast of the Hellespont, taking each settlement in turn.

The Persian force sailed from Cilicia first to the island of Rhodes, where a Lindian Temple Chronicle records that Datis besieged the city of Lindos, but was unsuccessful.

Eventually, the Persian fleet sailed to Halicarnassus, in order to establish a new defense.

The Allied fleet sailed north to Cape Artemisium once it became known that the Persian army was advancing along the coast past Mount Olympus, probably around late July or the beginning of August.

As the Persian and Ionian fleets met, the Samians sailed away from the battle, causing the collapse of the Ionian battle line.

They then sailed to Corinth, where they distributed money and urged the members of the council to show the Persian king that they were trustworthy.

In November 1903 he sailed to Karachi where he boarded a yacht to tour the Persian Gulf with Lord and Lady Curzon.

He then sailed through the Persian Gulf and went to Iran where he learned Persian.

On 16 October 1914, the 20th Punjabis sailed for the Persian Gulf from Bombay as part of the 16th Indian Infantry Brigade of the Indian Expeditionary Force ' D '.

From Diu he sailed up the Gulf of Cambay to Gogo, and thence turning back towards the Persian Gulf made Julfar ( just within the entrance of the gulf ), Muscat and Ormuz.

Here Eldred stayed behind to trade, while Fitch and the others sailed down the Persian Gulf to the Portuguese fortress and trading station at Ormuz, where they were promptly arrested as spies ( at Venetian instigation, as they believed, but the Portuguese were always jealous of their commercial monopoly in the Indian Ocean ) and sent as prisoners to the Portuguese viceroy at Goa ( September to October ).