The Pharisees based their belief on passages such as, which says: “ Multitudes who sleep in the dust of the earth will awake: some to everlasting life, others to shame and everlasting contempt.

Over the succeeding 47 chapters, Jesus is recorded as developing the theme that the ancient prophets, specifically Obadiah, Haggai and Hosea, were holy hermits following this religious rule ; and contrasting their followers – termed " true Pharisees " – with the " false Pharisees " who lived in the world, and who constituted his chief opponents.

This is believed to be a more accurate historical depiction of the Pharisees, who made debate one of the tenets of their system of belief.

* The New Covenant is not purely an expansion of the Old Covenant because the Pharisees and all who did not have faith in Jesus are excluded from the New Covenant, but were acceptable under the old.

# Judaism's oppressiveness reflects the disposition of Jesus ' opponents called " Pharisees " ( predecessors of the " rabbis "), who in their teachings and behavior were hypocrites ( see Woes of the Pharisees ).

* Shmaya, a rabbinic sage who was leader of the Pharisees in the 1st century BC

And the relationship between Early Christianity and the Pharisees was not always hostile, as e. g. Gamaliel is often cited as a Pharisaic leader who was sympathetic to Christians.

The first surviving historical mention of the Pharisees is from the Jewish-Roman historian Josephus ( 37 – 100 CE ), in a description of the " four schools of thought ," or " four sects ," into which the Jews were divided in the 1st century CE ; the other schools were the Essenes, who were generally apolitical and who may have emerged as a sect of dissident priests who rejected either the Seleucid-appointed or the Hasmonean high priests as illegitimate ; the Sadducees, who were the main antagonists of the Pharisees ; and the " fourth philosophy " possibly associated with the anti-Roman revolutionary groups such as the Sicarii and the Zealots.

During this period rabbis finalized the canonization of the Tanakh, and in 200 Judah haNasi edited together Tannaitic judgements and traditions into the Mishna, considered by the rabbis to be the definitive expression of the Oral Torah ( although some of the sages mentioned in the Mishnah are Pharisees who lived prior to the destruction of the Second Temple, or prior to the Bar Kozeba Revolt, most of the sages mentioned lived after the revolt ).

The Rabbis, who are traditionally seen as the descendants of the Pharisees, describe the similarities and differences between the two sects in Mishnah Yadaim.

Akiva sought to apply the system of isolation followed by the Pharisees ( פרושים = those who " separate " themselves ) to doctrine as they did to practice, to the intellectual life as they did to that of daily discourse, and he succeeded in furnishing a firm foundation for his system.

Jewish sect who differed from the Pharisees only in regarding Jesus as the Messiah.

" He may represent the Pharisees who were criticizing Jesus.

The content of " M " suggests that this community was stricter than the others in its attitude to keeping the Jewish law, holding that they must exceed the scribes and the Pharisees in " righteousness " ( adherence to Jewish law ); and of the three only " M " refers to a " church " ( ecclesia ), an organised group with rules for keeping order.

Matthew 16: 12 – It has textual variant της ζυμης των αρτων των Φαρισαιων και Σαδδουκαιων ( leaven of bread of the Pharisees and Sadducees ) supported only by Codex Corbeiensis I and Curetonian Gospels.

However, although this was how the Pharisees saw the biblical implication, the Sadducees argued that if there were only female descendants of an individual's sons, and the sons themselves were dead, then the individual's daughters had the right to inherit.

Josephus reports only one specific conflict between the Pharisees and Hyrcanus.

Of all the major Second Temple sects, only the Pharisees remained, poised with teachings directed to all Jews that could replace Temple worship.

( The Gospel of John, which is the only gospel where Nicodemus is mentioned, particularly portrays the sect as divided and willing to debate ) Because of the New Testament's frequent depictions of Pharisees as self-righteous rule-followers ( see also Woes of the Pharisees and Legalism ( theology )), the word " pharisee " ( and its derivatives: " pharisaical ", etc.

The Pharisees posit that if a deceased son left only one daughter, then she shares the inheritance with the sons of her grandfather.

They view Christians as much as Pharisees as being competing movements within Judaism that decisively broke only after the Bar Kokhba's revolt, when the successors of the Pharisees claimed hegemony over all Judaism, and – at least from the Jewish perspective – Christianity emerged as a new religion.

Of all the major Second Temple sects, only the Pharisees remained ( but see Karaite Judaism ).

" But the Pharisees said that it is only by Beelzebul, that he drives out demons, but Jesus rebuked them.

During the reign of Alexander, who ( according to the historian Josephus ) apparently married her shortly after his accession, Alexandra seemed to have wielded only slight political influence, as evidenced by the hostile attitude of the king to the Pharisees.

The Pharisees, who had suffered intense misery under Alexander, now became not only a tolerated section of the community, but actually the ruling class.

The Jewish Encyclopedia thus suggests that the antipathy of Elisha was not directed against all forms of Jewish worship existing at that time, but only against Pharisaism, despite the fact the sages who redacted the Jerusalem Talmud were Pharisees and may have simply focused on the betrayal against their own community.

Rather they argued that Jesus only illustrated the true Law that had always existed, but had been badly understood by the Pharisees and other Jewish leaders.

Rabbinic Judaism ( which derives from the Pharisees ) has always held that the books of the Torah ( called the written law ) have always been transmitted in parallel with an oral tradition.

From the point of view of the Pharisees, the Sadducees wished to change the Jewish understanding of the Torah.

Many, including some scholars, have characterized the Sadducees as a sect that interpreted the Torah literally, and the Pharisees as interpreting the Torah liberally.

The Pharisees believed that the idea that all of the children of Israel were to be like priests was expressed elsewhere in the Torah, for example, when the Law itself was transferred from the sphere of the priesthood to every man in Israel ( Exodus 19: 29 – 24 ; Deuteronomy 6: 7, 11: 19 ; comp.

The Pharisees believed that in addition to the written Torah recognized by both the Sadducees and Pharisees and believed to have been written by Moses, there exists another Torah, consisting of the corpus of oral laws and traditions transmitted by God to Moses orally, and then memorized and passed down by Moses and his successors over the generations.

The Oral Torah functioned to elaborate and explicate what was written, and the Pharisees asserted that the sacred scriptures were not complete on their own terms and could therefore not be understood.

Thus, as the Pharisees argued that all Israel should act as priests, the Rabbis argued that all Israel should act as rabbis: " The rabbis furthermore want to transform the entire Jewish community into an academy where the whole Torah is studied and kept .... redemption depends on the " rabbinization " of all Israel, that is, upon the attainment of all Jewry of a full and complete embodiment of revelation or Torah, thus achieving a perfect replica of heaven.

Jesus ' first commandment is actually the second line of the Shema, a passage from the Torah that priests recited in the Temple, and that other Jews recited in their prayers, twice a day ; the Pharisees considered this to be the most important principle in Judaism.

Abraham Geiger posited a connection between the Karaites as a remnant of the Sadducees, the 1st-century Jewish sect that followed the Hebrew Bible literally and rejected the Pharisees ' notion of an Oral Torah even before it was written.

Whereas Sadducees favored a limited interpretation of the Torah, Pharisees debated new applications of the law and devised ways for all Jews to incorporate purity practices ( hitherto limited to the Jerusalem Temple, see also Ministry of Jesus # Ritual cleanliness ) in their everyday lives.

The Pharisees wanted to maintain the authority and traditions of classical Torah teachings and began the early teachings of the Mishna, maintaining the authority of the Sanhedrin, the supreme Jewish court.

The New Testament depicts the Saducees and Pharisees as Jesus ' opponents ( see Woes of the Pharisees ), whereas the Jewish perspective has the Pharisees as the justified predecessors of the rabbis who upheld the Torah including the Oral law, which Christians refer to as the Mosaic Law or Pentateuch or " Old Covenant " in contrast to the " New Covenant ".

Pharisees believed that in death, people rest in their graves until they are physically resurrected with the coming of the Messiah, and within that resurrected body the soul would exist eternally.

As the disciples rest, Jesus prays ; then Judas Iscariot leads in either " a detachment of soldiers and some officials from the chief priests and Pharisees " ( accompanied according to Luke's Gospel by the chief priests and elders ), or a " large crowd armed with swords and clubs, sent from the chief priests and elders of the people ", which arrests Jesus ; all his disciples run away.

While the historicity of the gospel accounts is questioned to some extent by some critical scholars and non-Christians, the traditional view states the following chronology for his ministry: Temptation, Sermon on the Mount, Appointment of the Twelve, Miracles, Temple Money Changers, Last Supper, Arrest, Trial, Passion, Crucifixion on Good Friday (,), Nisan 14th (,, Gospel of Peter ) or Nisan 15th ( Synoptic Gospels ), ( 7Apr30, 3Apr33, 30Mar36, possible Fri-14-Nisan dates ,-Meier ), entombment by Pharisees Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus of the Sanhedrin, Resurrection by God on Easter Sunday, appearances to Paul of Tarsus (), Simon Peter (), Mary Magdalene (,), and others, Great Commission, Ascension, Second Coming Prophecy to fulfill the rest of Messianic prophecy such as the Resurrection of the dead, the Last Judgment, and establishment of the Kingdom of God and the Messianic Age.