The Proto-Sinaitic script eventually developed into the Phoenician alphabet, which is conventionally called " Proto-Canaanite " before ca.

The oldest text in Phoenician script is an inscription on the sarcophagus of King Ahiram.

The South Arabian alphabet, a sister script to the Phoenician alphabet, is the script from which the Ge ' ez alphabet ( an abugida ) is descended.

The earliest known alphabet in the wider sense is the Wadi el-Hol script, believed to be an abjad, which through its successor Phoenician is the ancestor of modern alphabets, including Arabic, Greek, Latin ( via the Old Italic alphabet ), Cyrillic ( via the Greek alphabet ) and Hebrew ( via Aramaic ).

Unlike other contemporary scripts, such as Cuneiform and Egyptian hieroglyphs, the Phoenician script consisted of only about two dozen symbols.

This made the script easy to learn, and Phoenician seafaring merchants took the script wherever they went.

In the 9th century BC, the Greeks adapted the Phoenician script for use in their own language.

The name Barcelona comes from the ancient Iberian Phoenician Barkeno, attested in an ancient coin inscription in Iberian script as Barkeno in Levantine Iberian script, in Ancient Greek sources as, Barkinṓn ; and in Latin as Barcino, Barcilonum and Barceno.

The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script, and was in turn the basis of the Latin, Cyrillic, Coptic, and many other writing systems.

The Tartessian language from the southwest of the Iberian peninsula, written in a version of the Phoenician script in use around 825 BC, which John T. Koch has claimed to be able to readily translate, has been accepted by a number of philologists and other linguists as the first attested Celtic language, but the linguistic mainstream continues to treat Tartessian as an unclassified ( Pre-Indo-European?

The Greek script, adapted from a Phoenician syllabary around 800 BC, made possible the notation of the complex rhythms and vowel clusters that make up hexameter verse.

However, the La Marle interpretation of Linear A has been rejected by John Younger of Kansas University showing that La Marle has invented erroneous and arbitrary new transcriptions based on resemblances with many different script systems at will ( as Phoenician, Hieroglyphic Egyptian, Hieroglyphic Hittite, Ethiopian, Cypro-Minoan, etc.

An early form of the script, " Proto-Tifinagh ", also known as the Libyco-Berber script, probably developed from the Punic variant of the Phoenician alphabet.

The practice of writing spread and tablets in the Cypriot syllabic script have been found at Ras Shamra which was the Phoenician city of Ugarit.

Phoenician and native Cypriot traits disappeared, together with the old Cypriot syllabic script.

Literacy had been lost and Mycenaean script forgotten, but the Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet, modifying it to create the Greek alphabet.

The Aramaic alphabet, a modified form of Phoenician, was the ancestor of modern Arabic script, while Hebrew script is a stylistic variant of the Aramaic script.

In other types of alphabet either the vowels are not indicated at all, as was the case in the Phoenician alphabet ( such systems are known as abjads ), or else the vowels are shown by diacritics or modification of consonants, as in the devanagari used in India and Nepal ( these systems are known as abugidas or alphasyllabaries ).

Another advantage of Phoenician was that it could be used to write down many different languages, since it recorded words phonemically.

One, the ABCDE order later used in Phoenician, has continued with minor changes in Hebrew, Greek, Armenian, Gothic, Cyrillic, and Latin ; the other, HMĦLQ, was used in southern Arabia and is preserved today in Ethiopic.

The Phoenician letter names, in which each letter was associated with a word that begins with that sound, continue to be used to varying degrees in Samaritan, Aramaic, Syriac, Hebrew, Greek and Arabic.

The first abjad to gain widespread usage was the Phoenician abjad.

It was derived from the Phoenician letter Aleph Aleph.

Alpha was derived from aleph, which in Phoenician means " ox ".

Since the evolution of the Aramaic alphabet out of the Phoenician one was a gradual process, the division of the world's alphabets into those derived from the Phoenician one directly and those derived from Phoenician via Aramaic is somewhat artificial.

Israelites of course abstained from pork, but Ahab was married to a Phoenician / Tyrian princess Jezebel, who was one of the most " powerful and notorious women of monarchic times " yet who died of a similarly seemingly random death like her husband, and his capital of Samaria was said to follow Canaanite gods.

It certainly maintained strong Phoenician sympathies, for it was its refusal to join the philhellene league of Onesilos of Salamis which provoked the revolt of Cyprus from Achaemenid Persia in 500-494BC, when Amathus was besieged unsuccessfully and avenged itself by the capture and execution of Onesilos.

Ludwig Ross, the German archaeologist appointed Curator of the Antiquities of Athens at the time of the establishment of the Kingdom of Greece, by his explorations in the Greek islands from 1835 onwards, called attention to certain early intaglios, since known as Inselsteine ; but it was not until 1878 that C. T. Newton demonstrated these to be no strayed Phoenician products.

It was only with the recovery of Phoenician trade in the ninth and tenth centuries BC that saw a return to prosperity, and the appearance of real coinage, possibly first in Anatolia with Croesus of Lydia and subsequently with the Greeks and Persians.

It was derived from the Phoenician letter Dalet 20px.

Digamma / wau was part of the original archaic Greek alphabet as initially adopted from Phoenician.

The digraph ' għ ' ( called għajn after the Arabic letter name ʻayn for غ ) is considered separate, and sometimes ordered after ' g ', whilst in other volumes it is placed between ' n ' and ' o ' ( the Latin letter ' o ' originally evolved from the shape of Phoenician ʻayin, which was traditionally collated after Phoenician nūn ).

It was derived from the Phoenician letter He He.

The letter Ε was taken over from the Phoenician letter He ( x12px ) when Greeks first adopted alphabetic writing.

The initial sound value of Ε was determined by the vowel occurring in the Phoenician letter name He, which made it a natural choice for being reinterpreted from a consonant symbol to a vowel symbol denoting an sound.

Greek ἄβαξ itself is probably a borrowing of a Northwest Semitic, perhaps Phoenician, word akin to Hebrew ʾābāq ( אבק ), " dust " ( since dust strewn on wooden boards to draw figures in ).

From a Phoenician inscription on its lid, it appears that he was a " king of the Sidonians ," probably in the 5th century BCE, and that his mother was a priestess of ‘ Ashtart, " the goddess of the Sidonians.

The early trireme was a development of the penteconter, an ancient warship with a single row of 25 oars on each side, and of the bireme (, diērēs ), a warship with two banks of oars, probably of Phoenician origin.

There seems considerable doubt whether or not the cult of Melicertes was of foreign, probably Phoenician, origin, and introduced by Phoenician navigators on the coasts and islands of the Aegean and Mediterranean.

The Phoenician name of the people recalls one of the Homeric names of the Greeks, Danaoi with the-m plural, whereas the Luwian name Hiyawa probably goes back to Hittite Ahhiyā ( wa ), which is, according to most interpretations, the " Achaean ", or Mycenaean Greek, settlement in Asia Minor.

it is mentioned that the name Chalcedon is Phoenician meaning " new town " ( probably correct ) while on " Chalcolithic Period " page, and under Prehistory below, it is mentioned that the name is from Greek meaning " copper ".

Xenophon refers to a Phoenician Bay in Cythera ( Hellenica 4. 8. 7, probably Avlemonas Bay on the eastern side of the island ).

This is a settlement which may be traced to the eighth century BC and probably is Phoenician since it is close to some old iron mines.

The ancient name of the island was " Oliaros ", a word probably of Phoenician origin meaning " wooded mountain.

This Phoenician city was probably abandoned during the First Punic War ( c. 250 B. C.

As the story begins, the principal character, Wenamun, a priest of Amun at Karnak, is sent by the High Priest of Amun Herihor to the Phoenician city of Byblos to acquire lumber ( probably cedar wood ) to build a new ship to transport the cult image of Amun.

The Phoenician name for the city was probably ( Aynook ).

Shipbuilders, probably Phoenician, a seafaring people who lived on the southern and eastern coasts of the Mediterranean, were the first to create the two-level galley that would be widely known under its Greek name, biērēs, or bireme.