* Atmosphere ( Polish band ), a Polish rock band

* Atmosphere ( Atmosphere album ), the debut album by Polish rock band, Atmosphere

* Goya ( band ), a Polish pop group

From 2000 to 2007, he was a member of the platinum-record-winning Polish progressive rock band SBB.

* Riverside ( band ), a Polish progressive metal / rock band

* Trauma ( Polish band ), a Polish death metal band

Playwright Shaun Duggan's stage drama William, Alex Broun's one-man show Half a Person: My Life as Told by The Smiths, Douglas Coupland's 1998 novel Girlfriend in a Coma, Andrew Collins ' autobiography Heaven Knows I'm Miserable Now, Mark Spitz's novel How Soon is Never ?, the pop band Shakespear's Sister, the defunct art-punk group Pretty Girls Make Graves, and the Polish filmmaker Przemyslaw Wojcieszek's short fictional film about two Polish fans of The Smiths, Louder Than Bombs, are all inspired by or named after songs or albums by The Smiths.

This band was the symbol of metal rebellion in Poland and first Polish band who openly attacked Church.

The death metal band Vader is considered the most successful Polish heavy metal act and have gained commercial and critical praise internationally.

* Raz, Dwa, Trzy, Polish music band

* Nergal is also the stage name of Adam Darski, the vocalist / guitarist of the Polish black / death metal band Behemoth.

* Lombard ( band ), Polish rock band

* Sixteen is a Polish band that represented Poland in the 1998 Eurovision Song Contest.

Polish death metal band Decapitated covered the song " Mandatory Suicide " on their first full-length album Winds of Creation.

* Satellite ( Polish band ), Polish progressive rock band

Raised by his father after his mother abandoned them, during the series it was learned that Lenny was the 89th in line to the Polish Throne.

Lenny says that, while he is not completely sure, he thinks his last name ( Kosnowski ) is Polish for " Help, there's a hog in my kitchen ".

After the Communists took control in the 1940s Polish scholars were safer working on the Middle Ages and the early modern era rather than contemporary history.

The marriage took place on 30 April or 16 October 1325 and was a purely political maneuver to strengthen the first Polish – Lithuanian coalition against the Teutonic Knights.

In Poland, fast moving armies encircled Polish forces ( blue circles ), but the blitzkrieg idea never really took hold – artillery and infantry forces acted in time-honoured fashion to crush these pockets.

Fought over three days from 28 to 30 June 1651, the battle took place in the Polish province of Volhynia.

The last, in Europe, cavalry vs. cavalry mutual charge took place in Poland during the battle of Krasnobrod when the Polish and German cavalry units charged each other.

In the Polish 1970 protests, worker demonstrations took place at Gdynia Shipyard.

A new wave of Polish military and other involvement, in the partitions and in other parts of Europe, soon took place in the context of the 1848 Spring of Nations revolutions.

According to the Annales Cracovienses Compilati, this event took place in 1136 ; since it can be assumed that the Polish princess was younger than her betrothed, and also are known the birth dates of the youngest children of Bolesław III ( Agnes in 1137 and Casimir in 1138 ), Judith in consequence could have been born between 1130 and 1135.

On 9 October 1920, General Lucjan Żeligowski, commanding a Polish military force in contravention of the Suwałki Agreement, took the city and established the Republic of Central Lithuania.

Masurians showed considerable support for the Polish uprising in 1831, and maintained many contacts with Russian-held areas of Poland beyond the border of Prussia, the areas being connected by common culture and language ; before the uprising people visited each other's country fairs and much trade took placw, with smuggling also widespread Some early writers about Masurians-like Max Toeppen-postulated them as mediators between German and Slav cultures.

Moreover, the plebiscite took place during the time when Polish-Soviet War threatened to erase the Polish state.

Information was gathered on who sent children to Polish schools, bought Polish press or took part in Polish ceremonies and organised repressions against these people were executed by Nazi militias.

In 1028 Polish troops invaded Saxony and took a number of prisoners.

The Intelligenzaktion, a plan to eliminate the Polish intelligentsia, Poland's ' leadership class ', took place soon after the German invasion of Poland, lasting from fall of 1939 till spring of 1940.

The Polish consonant system shows more complexity: its characteristic features include the series of affricates and palatal consonants that resulted from four Proto-Slavic palatalizations and two further palatalizations that took place in Polish and Belarusian.

Just before the outbreak of the Second World War, Gombrowicz took part in the maiden voyage of the Polish cruise liner, Chrobry, to South America.

The golden era of the University of Kraków took place during the Polish Renaissance, between 1500 and 1535, when it was attended by 3, 215 students in the first decade of the 16th century.

The Polish administration took over in 1569.

When Otto III reached is majority he again took to the field against the Lutici in the fall of 995, aided by the Polish Duke Bolesław I Chrobry.

However assuming that Mieszko I took control of Lesser Poland in 990 ( which is likely ), than Bolesław I was bestowed the rule in Lesser Poland by his father but without its territory being included in the Polish realm.

It is also likely that Polish forces took control of Moravia and Upper Hungary in 1003 as well.

Polish kings took measures to protect the bison.

The Polish song and dance company called Mazowsze, after the region of Poland, where it has its headquarters, opened a three-week engagement at the City Center last night.

The Holy See accepts as valid the ordinations of the Old Catholics in communion with Utrecht, as well as the Polish National Catholic Church ( which received its orders directly from Utrecht, and was — until recently — part of that communion ); but Roman Catholicism does not recognise the orders of any group whose teaching is at variance with what they consider the core tenets of Christianity ; this is the case even though the clergy of the Independent Catholic groups may use the proper ordination ritual.

The Teuton infantry tried to defend at tabor, but its resistance was broken by a sudden attack of Polish cavalry.

Two months later, on 1 March 1978, Chaplin's coffin was dug up and stolen from its grave by two unemployed mechanics, Polish Roman Wardas and Bulgarian Gantcho Ganev, in an attempt to extort money from Chaplin's widow, Oona Chaplin.

Following the downfall of Czechoslovakia and occupation of its Czech part by Nazi Germany in 1939, Czechoslovak units and formations served with the Polish Army ( Czechoslovak Legion ), the French Army, the Royal Air Force, the British Army ( the 1st Czechoslovak Armoured Brigade ), and the Red Army ( I Corps ).

For instance, while the Hebrew word chutzpah means " impudence ," its Arabic cognate ḥaṣāfah means " sound judgment ;" even more contradictorily, the English word black and Polish biały, meaning white, both derive from the PIE, meaning, " to burn or shine.

The anti-torpedo boat origin of this type of ship is retained in its name in other languages, including French ( contre-torpilleur ), Italian ( cacciatorpediniere ), Portuguese ( contratorpedeiro ), Polish ( kontrtorpedowiec ), Czech ( torpédoborec ), Greek ( antitorpiliko, αντιτορπιλικό ), and Dutch ( torpedobootjager ).

The city was known to the Polish crown by its Polish name Elbląg.

The date of its première, October 22, 1908, is considered the founding date of Polish film industry.

According to the Polish Kabbalist, " the legend was known to several persons, thus allowing us to speculate that the legend had indeed circulated for some time before it was committed to writing and, consequently, we may assume that its origins are to be traced to the generation immediately following the death of R. Eliyahu, if not earlier.

Greater Poland or Great Poland, often known by its Polish name Wielkopolska (; Latin: Polonia Maior ) is a historical region of west-central Poland.

The name can be construed as referring to old Poland, as opposed to Lesser ( or Little ) Poland ( Polish Małopolska, Latin Polonia Minor ), a region in southern Poland with its capital at Kraków.

Again, the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth would be an exception to this rule, with its unique quasi-democratic Golden Freedom.

Defeated and partly occupied, Germany was forced to pay war reparations by the Treaty of Versailles and was stripped of its colonies as well as Polish areas and Alsace-Lorraine.

Following its emergence, the Polish nation was led by a series of rulers who converted the population to Christianity, created a strong kingdom and integrated Poland into the European culture.

The Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth at its greatest extent, after the Truce of Deulino ( Dywilino ) of 1619

Following the failure of the last of the national uprisings, the January Uprising of 1863, the Polish nation, subjected within the territories under the Russian and Prussian administrations to still stricter controls and increased persecution, preserved its identity in nonviolent ways.

The territories in the east won by 1921 would form the basis for a swap arranged and carried out by the Soviets in 1943-1945, who at that time compensated the reemerging Polish state for its eastern lands lost to the Soviet Union with conquered areas of eastern Germany.

At the end of Ivan IV's reign the Polish – Lithuanian and Swedish armies carried out a powerful intervention in Russia, devastating its northern and northwest regions.

Fortunately for Moscow, its major enemies, the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden, were engaged in a bitter conflict with each other, which provided Russia the opportunity to make peace with Sweden in 1617 and to sign a truce with the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1619.

This is a timeline of Polish history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Poland and its predecessor states.

Polish literary critic and University of Warsaw professor Paweł Dudziak remarked that " in spite of the unclear role of its author, The Painted Bird is an achievement in English literature.

* 1944 – The Polish Committee of National Liberation publishes its manifesto, starting the period of Communist rule in Poland