The Portuguese retained control until 1778, when the island, adjacent islets, and commercial rights to the mainland between the Niger and Ogooué Rivers were ceded to Spain in exchange of South America ´ s territory Sacramento ( Treaty of El Pardo ).

The Portuguese retained control until 1778, when the island, adjacent islets, and commercial rights to the mainland between the Niger and Ogoue Rivers were ceded to Spain in exchange for territory on the American continent ( Treaty of El Pardo, between Queen Maria I of Portugal and King Charles III of Spain ).

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