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Poynting-Robertson and effect
The Poynting-Robertson effect ( Robertson, 1937 ; ;
Further, the corpuscular radiation, i.e., the solar-wind protons, must sputter away the surface atoms of the dust and cause a slow diminution in size, with a resultant increase in both the Poynting-Robertson effect and the ratio of the repulsive force to the gravitational force.
De Jager ( 1955 ) has calculated the times required for these particles to reach the atmosphere under the influence of the Poynting-Robertson effect, which in this case causes the orbits to become more and more eccentric without changing the semi-major axis.
The solar-electromagnetic- and corpuscular-radiation pressure and the associated Poynting-Robertson effect increase in effectiveness as the particle size decreases and modify the distribution and limit sizes to larger than a few microns.
The Poynting-Robertson effect forces the dust into more circular ( but still elongated ) orbits, while spiralling slowly into the Sun.
* March 30-John Henry Poynting ( born 1852 ), English physicist, discovered the Poynting-Robertson effect and developed the Poynting vector.
* September 9-John Henry Poynting ( died 1914 ), English physicist, discoverer of the Poynting-Robertson effect and the Poynting vector.

Poynting-Robertson and with
It was proposed that this radiation came from a field of orbiting particles with a dimension on the order of a millimeter, as anything smaller would eventually be removed from the system by radiation pressure or drawn into the star by means of Poynting-Robertson drag.
The main physical processes " affecting " ( destruction or expulsion mechanisms ) interplanetary dust particles are: expulsion by radiation pressure, inward Poynting-Robertson ( PR ) radiation drag, solar wind pressure ( with significant electromagnetic effects ), sublimation, mutual collisions, and the dynamical effects of planets ( Backman, D., 1997 ).

effect and causes
this introduces the possibility of another kind of skepticism: since our understanding of causality is that the same effect can be produced by multiple causes, there is a lack of determinacy about what one is really perceiving.
This particular effect is known as annual aberration or stellar aberration, because it causes the apparent position of a star to vary periodically over the course of a year.
* Class III agent has negligible inotropic effect and causes almost no reflex tachycardia.
An AVM lacks the dampening effect of capillaries on the blood flow ; it also causes the surrounding area to be deprived of the functions of the capillaries — removal of and delivery of nutrients to the cells.
For alternating currents, especially at higher frequencies, skin effect causes the current to spread unevenly across the conductor cross-section, with higher density near the surface, thus increasing the apparent resistance.
Deforestation is a contributor to global warming, and is often cited as one of the major causes of the enhanced greenhouse effect.
The radiation converts to heat which causes global warming, which is better known as the greenhouse effect.
The domino effect is a chain reaction that occurs when a small change causes a similar change nearby, which then will cause another similar change, and so on in linear sequence.
This effect, known as precession, causes the coordinates of stationary celestial objects to change continuously, if rather slowly.
An animation illustrating how the Doppler effect causes a car engine or siren to sound higher in pitch when it is approaching than when it is receding.
* 1961 " Cause and effect in biology: Kinds of causes, predictability, and teleology are viewed by a practicing biologist ".
The intensity of this radiation is spin dependent, which causes polarization of the electron beam — a process known as the Sokolov – Ternov effect.
Current through a resistance causes localised heating, an effect James Prescott Joule studied mathematically in 1840.
Serum levels of AEDs can be checked to determine medication compliance, to assess the effects of new drug-drug interactions upon previous stable medication levels, or to help establish if particular symptoms such as instability or sleepiness can be considered a drug side effect or are due to different causes.
This comes about by analogy with " January " ( which ends in "- uary " but not "- ruary "); as well as by a dissimilation effect whereby having two " r " s close to each other causes one to change for ease of pronunciation.
Rushton and Jensen argue against expecting the Flynn Effect to narrow the US black-white IQ gap since they see that gap as mostly genetic in origin and there is evidence from mathematical analyses that what causes the Flynn effect is different from what causes the black-white gap.
Flynn has replied that he never claimed that the Flynn effect has the same causes as the black-white gap but that it shows that environmental factors can create IQ differences of a magnitude similar to the gap.
The curvature of the surface near the tip causes a natural magnification — ions are repelled in a direction roughly perpendicular to the surface ( a " point projection " effect ).
Karma ( ; ) in Indian religions is the concept of " action " or " deed ", understood as that which causes the entire cycle of cause and effect ( i. e., the cycle called saṃsāra ) originating in ancient India and treated in the Hindu, Jain, Buddhist and Sikh religions.
Also of relevance is what causes the perception of motion ; a psychological effect identified as beta movement.
The special case of 1: 1 resonance ( between bodies with similar orbital radii ) causes large Solar System bodies to eject most other bodies sharing their orbits ; this is part of the much more extensive process of clearing the neighbourhood, an effect that is used in the current definition of a planet.
This effect is what is responsible for mirages seen on hot days where the changing index of refraction of the air causes the light rays to bend creating the appearance of specular reflections in the distance ( as if on the surface of a pool of water ).

effect and semi-major
In general, the effect is size dependent, and will affect the semi-major axis of smaller asteroids, while leaving large asteroids practically unaffected.
As an example, even for the simple case of the pure seasonal Yarkovsky effect on a spherical body in a circular orbit with 90 ° obliquity, semi-major axis changes could differ by as much as a factor of two between the case of a uniform albedo and the case of a strong north / south albedo asymmetry.

effect and axis
The only effect of lack of a center would then be to release the hydrogen atoms to occupy general, rather than special, positions along the ( 111 ) axis.
In a final twist, Bradley later went on to discover the existence of the nutation of the Earth's axisthe effect that he had originally considered to be the cause of aberration.
The orientation of the Earth's axis and equator are not fixed in space, but rotate about the poles of the ecliptic with a period of about 26, 000 years, a process known as lunisolar precession, as it is due mostly to the gravitational effect of the Moon and Sun on the Earth's equatorial bulge.
Section dm < sub > 1 </ sub >, therefore, has a lot of angular rotating velocity with respect to the rotation around the pivot axis, and as dm < sub > 1 </ sub > is forced closer to the pivot axis of the rotation ( by the wheel spinning further ), due to the Coriolis effect dm < sub > 1 </ sub > tends to move in the direction of the top-left arrow in the diagram ( shown at 45 °) in the direction of rotation around the pivot axis.
The two moments when the inclination of Earth's rotational axis has maximum effect are the solstices.
The twisted plasma induces twist in the magnetic field lines to effect drift cancellation, and typically can provide more twist than the Torsatron or Heliotron, especially near the centre of the plasma ( magnetic axis ).
Like a gyroscope, the overall effect is a slight " wobble " in the movement of the axis of a planet.
For light propagating purely perpendicular to the axis of gyration, the properties are known as the Cotton-Mouton effect and used for a Circulator.
Additionally, on very long timescales over which the spin axis of the body may be repeatedly changed due to collisions ( and hence also the direction of the diurnal effect changes ), the seasonal effect will also tend to dominate.
Moreover, U can be chosen to be a rotation matrix, as inverting an axis does not have any effect on N ( 0, Λ ), but inverting a column changes the sign of U's determinant.
For a uniformly magnetized cylindrical bar magnet, the net effect of the microscopic bound currents is to make the magnet behave as if there is a macroscopic sheet of electric current flowing around the surface, with local flow direction normal to the cylinder axis.
In effect, some time is required to reshape B to the gravitational equilibrium shape, by which time the forming bulges have already been carried some distance away from the A – B axis by B's rotation.
This mountain range has the cooling effect of a third pole and has set the angle of Darkover's axis of rotation to be more extreme than that of Earth's which causes an extreme fluctuation between summer and winter temperatures in its equatorial region.
Movement is due to the pressure gradient force ( horizontal differences in atmospheric pressure ) and the Coriolis effect, caused by the earth spinning about its axis.
In particular, it's easier for the archer to torque ( twist ) the bow around the vertical axis, leading to left-right errors, and also a plucked or snatched release can have more effect.
Yo-yos optimized for looping have weight concentrated in their centers so they may easily rotate about the string's axis without their mass contributing to a resistance due to a gyroscopic effect.
Finally, the Earth's rotational axis is not exactly fixed with respect to the Earth, but undergoes small fluctuations ( on the order of 15 meters ) called polar motion, which have a small theoretical effect not only on the Tropics and Polar circles, but also on the Equator.

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