The Protectorate, which followed the Commonwealth and preceded the English Restoration, might have continued if Oliver Cromwell's son Richard, who was made Lord Protector on his father's death, had been capable of carrying on his father's policies.

Strictly speaking, a Protectorate does not exist unless the people in it have agreed to be protected.

Karl Hermann Frank, Secretary of State for the Nazi Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, reported from Berlin that the Führer had commanded the following concerning any village found to have harboured Heydrich's killers:

The status of Protectorate had significantly different consequences for Uganda than had the region been made a colony like neighboring Kenya, insofar as Uganda retained a degree of self-determination that would have otherwise been stifled under a full colonial administration.

The Protectorate sought to have all Chinese social societies ( including the kongsi )-many of which were secret societies or bodies of organized crime-register with the government.

Closer to home, he worked for the creation of Greater Yemen, which would have involved the annexation of the British Aden Protectorate.

The Protectorate government did not have much pressing legislation to present so the House occupied its time with private members bills.

Although his letters to Cromwell remained cordial, during the early years of the Protectorate he seems to have become more and more disenchanted with the Lord Protector and the speed of reform.

But whatever his real position he was considered to have been too lenient with his " disaffected officers " in sanctioning their meetings and there was evidence that he held meetings with John Wildman, an incorrigible Leveller plotter, who would use anyone in order to bring down the Protectorate.

Quite many observers have noted that it is remarkable how quickly Tunisian Jews shifted their identification and leaped from a way of life quite similar to that of the Muslim Arab population into a new European cultural world, following the establishment of the French Protectorate in Tunisia in 1881.

In the run-up to independence, the Litunga, the Ngambela ( Prime Minister ) and about a dozen senior indunas went to London for talks with the Colonial Office, in an attempt to have Barotseland remain a Protectorate.

The longer hair was more common among the " Independent " and " high ranking " Puritans ( which included Cromwell ), especially toward the end of the Protectorate, while the " Presbyterian " ( i. e. non-Independent ) faction, and the military rank-and-file, continued to abhor long hair.

For the rest of the Protectorate Wildman kept out of prison, though he still continued in intrigue.

The kingdom was largely independent of British control, and pressure continued from figures such as Vice-Consul James Robert Phillips and Captain Gallwey ( the British vice-Consul of Oil Rivers Protectorate ) who were pushing for British annexation of the Benin Empire and the removal of the Oba.

Flights to Asmara were added in early 1963, and the flights with Il-18 equipment continued to Aden in the Aden Protectorate, whilst in March the airline began flights to Switzerland and Moscow, although those flights were short-lived.

Going behind Claiborne's back, Bennett and another commissioner reached an agreement with Calvert that virtually guaranteed his continued control over Maryland through the remainder of the Protectorate.

The French minted coinage for use in the Protectorate from 1921 until 1956, which continued to circulate until a new currency was introduced.

When the protectorate's name was changed to Nyasaland Protectorate all items of postal stationery continued to be valid.

His persistent activities in aiding rebellions led to his eventual banishment, but Bojang's descendants continued to govern the Protectorate for several generations.

The kingdom was largely independent of British control, and pressure continued from figures such as Vice-Consul James Robert Phillips and Captain Gallwey ( the British vice-Consul of Oil Rivers Protectorate ) who were pushing for British annexation of the Benin Empire and the removal of the Oba.

The Wehrmacht continued on to occupy Prague and establish the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.

The Aden Protectorate ( ) was a British protectorate in southern Arabia which evolved in the hinterland of Aden following the acquisition of that port by Britain in 1839 as an anti-piracy station, and it continued until the 1960s.

All United Kingdom statutes in force on 17 August 1911 were given application to Northern Rhodesia, together with those of later years if specifically applied to the Protectorate.

The English Civil War led to the trial and execution of Charles I, the exile of his son, Charles II, and replacement of English monarchy with, first, the Commonwealth of England ( 1649 – 53 ), and then with a Protectorate ( 1653 – 59 ), under Oliver Cromwell's personal rule.

The collapse of the radical consensus which had spawned the Nominated Assembly led to the Grandees passing the Instrument of Government in the Council of State which paved the way for Cromwell's Protectorate.

The Fifth Monarchists were horrified at the establishment of Cromwell's Protectorate and plotted to overthrow the regime.

After Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland ( 1630 – 1685 ) was restored to the English throne following Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate, he granted the chartered Carolina territory to eight of his loyal friends, known as the Lords Proprietors, in 1663.

Nicholas Barbon was the eldest son of Praise-God Barebone ( or Barbon ), after whom the Barebone's Parliament of 1653 — the predecessor of Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate — was named.

* Cromwell's Army: A History of the English Soldier during the Civil Wars, the Commonwealth and the Protectorate ( 1902 ) ( publication of Firth's Ford Lectures given at Oxford, 1900 – 1901 )

He was one of the leading men in the Commonwealth, but he was antagonised by Cromwell's expulsion of the Rump Parliament, and he opposed the Protectorate and refused to pay taxes.

The collapse of the radical consensus which had spawned the Nominated Assembly led to the Grandees passing the Instrument of Government in the Council of State which paved the way for Cromwell's Protectorate.

After Cromwell's death in 1658, the army abolished the Protectorate in 1659 and reconvened the Rump Parliament, with Sidney taking up his seat in the Commons.

Cromwell's Protectorate was less ideologically republican and was seen by Cromwell as restoring the mixed constitution of monarchy, aristocracy and democracy found in classical literature and English common law discourse.

Even though no modern republicans advocate a republic modelled on Cromwell's Protectorate, some point out that a Republican Commonwealth of England, Ireland and Scotland has already been tried when Oliver Cromwell installed it on 30 January 1649.

Cromwell's personal standard as Lord Protector became the ' Standard for the General of his Highnesse fleet ' in 1658, while the Cross-and-Harp jack was replaced by the " Protectorate Jack ", consisting of the old Union Jack with the addition of the Irish Harp at the center.

Ironically, the Union Flag only entered into common use under Cromwell's Protectorate.

* A number of articles explore aspects of Cromwell's Protectorate parliaments: H. R.

It proclaimed that Cromwell's interim dictatorship and Protectorate had been an interruption of the natural course of things, dexterously leaving it an open question whether that interruption had been necessary or justifiable, but calling on all men, now that Cromwell was dead and his effectiveness gone with him, to regard his rule as exceptional and extraordinary, and to revert to the old Commonwealth.

Cromwell did not agree to all the rights that Ben Israel requested, but the opening of Jewish synagogues and burial grounds was tolerated under Cromwell's Protectorate.

As the Puritans were now firmly in power, Cromwell's Protectorate having been established the previous year, the penalty was doubled to 24 pence ( two shillings ).

During the Protectorate they were visited by a detachment of Oliver Cromwell's troops, who initiated the inhabitants into various industrial arts and new methods of agriculture.