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The Protestant Ethic formed the earliest part in Weber's broader investigations into world religion: he would go on to examine the religions of China, the religions of India and ancient Judaism, with particular regard to the apparent non-development of capitalism in the corresponding societies, as well as to their differing forms of social stratification.
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Protestant and Ethic
German sociologist Max Weber mentioned Scottish Presbyterianism in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism ( 1905 ), and many scholars in recent decades argued that Calvinism's " this worldly asceticism " was integral to Scotland's rapid economic modernization.
Weber is perhaps best known for his thesis combining economic sociology and the sociology of religion, elaborated in his book The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, in which he proposed that ascetic Protestantism was one of the major " elective affinities " associated with the rise in the Western world of market-driven capitalism and the rational-legal nation-state.
In 1904, Weber began to publish some of his most seminal papers in this journal, notably his essay The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, which became his most famous work and laid the foundations for his later research on the impact of cultures and religions on the development of economic systems.
Weber began his studies of the subject in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, in which he argued that the redefinition of the connection between work and piety in Protestantism and especially in ascetic Protestant denominations, particularly Calvinism, shifted human effort towards rational efforts aimed at achieving economic gain.
Weber's work in the field of sociology of religion started with the essay The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism and continued with the analysis of The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism, The Religion of India: The Sociology of Hinduism and Buddhism and Ancient Judaism.
Cover of the original German edition of The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
Weber's essay The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism is his most famous work.
In The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Weber put forward the thesis that Calvinist ethic and ideas influenced the development of capitalism.
Weber's best known work in economics concerned the preconditions for capitalist development, particularly the relations between religion and capitalism, which he explored in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism as well as in his other works on the sociology of religion.
* Protestant Ethic Thesis by the Swatos ' Encyclopedia of Religion and Society
Max Weber published four major texts on religion in a context of economic sociology and his rationalization thesis: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism ( 1905 ), The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism ( 1915 ), The Religion of India: The Sociology of Hinduism and Buddhism ( 1915 ), and Ancient Judaism ( 1920 ).
Because religion helps to define motivation, Weber believed that religion ( and specifically Calvinism ) actually helped to give rise to modern capitalism, as he asserted in his most famous and controversial work, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.
In The Protestant Ethic, Weber argues that capitalism arose in Europe in part because of how the belief in predestination was interpreted by everyday English Puritans.
The Protestant Ethic thesis has been much critiqued, refined, and disputed, but is still a lively source of theoretical debate in sociology of religion.
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.
However, there have been many predecessors: Benjamin Franklin described the concept as " time is money " in his Advice to a Young Tradesman, Written by an Old One ( 1748 ), quoted by Max Weber in his The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism ( 1905 ):
" Wealth is thus bad ethically only in so far as it is a temptation to idleness and sinful enjoyment of life, and its acquisition is bad only when it is with the purpose of later living merrily and without care " Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Chapter V
( See Talcott Parsons ' translation of The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, translator's note on Weber's footnote 9 in chapter 2.
Cover of the original German edition of Max Weber's The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
Max Weber studied religion from an economic perspective in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism ( 1904-5 ), his most famous work.
* Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism ( 1905 )
As argued by political scientist Mihaela Czobor-Lupp, his was an " alternative " to the rationalist perspective, and a counterweight to Max Weber's study on The Protestant Ethic.
The Protestant Ethic and Modernization: A Comparative View ( 1968 )
Protestant and formed
The centre was formed by the mass of Dutch, German, Protestant Swiss and Scottish infantry – perhaps 30, 000 men – facing Offus and Ramillies.
Also, the Druze formed an alliance with Britain and allowed Protestant missionaries to enter Mount Lebanon, creating tension between them and the Catholic Maronites, who were supported by the French.
In 1608 / 1609 the Protestant Union and the Catholic League were formed.
The Protestant Church of Scotland was formed in the mid-16th century by Knox and the Protestant Lords of the Congregation.
) In April 1268 he issued a set of canons, which formed the basis of church law in England until the Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century.
* January 9 – The second Union of Brussels is formed, first without the Protestant counties of Holland and Zeeland ( which is accepted by king Philip II of Spain ), later with the Protestants, which means open rebellion of the whole of the Netherlands.
At the same time ( 1581 ), at the call of Elizabeth I of England, the north of the Seventeen Provinces, having gained a Protestant majority, successfully revolted and formed the United Provinces.
Together these organizations formed the Protestant pillar.
In the Eighty Years ' War, the northern provinces of the original Low Countries won their independence from their former Spanish Habsburg rulers and formed The Netherlands, a Protestant state.
* 1823-Scottish Missionary Society workers arrive in Bombay, India ; Liang Fa, first Chinese Protestant evangelist, is ordained by Robert Morrison ; Colonial and Continental Church Society formed
The new government formed of Protestant nobility and gentry gave Ernst von Mansfeld the command over all of its forces.
Many Huguenots emigrated to Protestant countries ; others reconverted to Catholicism for survival, and the remainder were concentrated in a small number of cities where they formed a majority.
Though formed as a Protestant nationalist paper, within two decades and under new owners it had become the voice of Irish unionism.
After long cabinet formation talks the three PAK-parties formed an extra-parliamentary cabinet joined by progressive members of the Protestant Anti Revolutionary Party ( ARP ) and the Catholic People's Party ( KVP ).
The Ulster Defence Association emerged from a series of meetings during the summer of 1971 of loyalist " vigilante " groups called " defence associations " formed to protect Protestant areas from attacks by Irish republicans.
Various actual Protestant doctrines were framed as extreme and unprecedented ; they were associated with older heresies and generally condemned by the Council, whose work formed the basis for the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation.
Accordingly, in this initial period of the Weimar Republic, in 1922 the Protestant Church in Germany formed the German Evangelical Church Confederation of 28 regional ( or provincial ) churches (), with their regional boundaries more or less delineated by those of the federal states.
The Calvinist minority, strongly supported by its co-religionist Frederick William III, and the partially reluctant Lutheran majority formed the united Protestant Evangelical Church in Prussia.
Many Congregational churches claim their descent from a family of Protestant denominations formed on a theory of union published by the theologian Robert Browne in 1592.
While the two other major Methodist denominations in America — the MEC and the Methodist Protestant Church — had agreed to ordain women either as local elders and deacons ( the MEC ) or full clergy ( the Methodist Protestant Church ), the MEC, South did not ordain women as pastors at the time of the 1939 merger that formed The Methodist Church.
The Methodist Protestant Church ( MPC ) is a regional Church body which was officially formed in 1828 by former members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, remaining Wesleyan in doctrine and worship, but adopting congregational governance.
The Evangelical United Brethren Church ( EUB ) was an American Protestant church which was formed in 1946 by the merger of the Evangelical Church with the Church of the United Brethren in Christ ( not to be confused with the current Church of the United Brethren in Christ ( Old Constitution )).
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