Historians often refer to the period from Qin Dynasty to the end of Qing Dynasty as Imperial China.

Territory of Qing Dynasty | Qing China in 1765

The Qing Dynasty ( 1644 – 1911 ) was the last imperial dynasty in China.

The Manchu allied with the Ming Dynasty general Wu Sangui to seize Beijing, which was made the capital of the Qing dynasty, and then proceeded to subdue the remaining Ming's resistance in the south.

Over the next half-century, all areas previously under the Ming Dynasty were consolidated under the Qing.

Subsequent military defeats and unequal treaties with other imperial powers would continue even after the fall of the Qing Dynasty.

Frustrated by the Qing court's resistance to reform and by China's weakness, young officials, military officers, and students began to advocate the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and the creation of a republic.

Lu Xun also criticised Confucianism heavily for shaping Chinese people into the condition they had reached by the late Qing Dynasty: his criticism are well portrayed in two of his works, A Madman's Diary and The True Story of Ah Q.

During the Qing Dynasty many philosophers objected against Neo-Confucianism and there was a return to the Han Dynasty Confucianism, and also the reprise of the controversy between Old Text and New Text.

This was partially a continuation of the condemnations of Confucianism by intellectuals and activists in the early 20th Century as a cause of the ethnocentric close-mindedness and refusal of the Qing Dynasty to modernize that led to the tragedies that befell China in the 19th Century.

They were honored with the rank of a marquis thirty-five times since Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, and they were promoted to the rank of duke forty-two times from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty.

There he was influenced by his compatriots to support the revolutionary movement to overthrow the Qing Dynasty and to set up a Chinese republic.

The Xinhai Revolution ultimately succeeded with the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty, and Chiang became a founding member of the KMT.

She would eventually become the de facto ruler of the Manchu Qing Dynasty in China for 47 years after her son's death.

More broadly speaking, Chinese classic texts may refer to texts, be they written in vernacular Chinese or in classical Chinese, that existed before 1912, when the last imperial Chinese dynasty, the Qing Dynasty, fell.

* The Quantangshi, or Collected Tang Poems, compiled during the Qing Dynasty, published 1705 CE.

In the succeeding dynasty, emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty personally composed 40, 000 poems as part of a 4. 7 million page library in 4 divisions, including thousands of essays, called the Siku Quanshu which is probably the largest collection of books in the world.

The imperial title continued in China until the Qing Dynasty was overthrown in 1912.

* 1876 – Japan and Korea sign a treaty granting Japanese citizens extraterritoriality rights, opening three ports to Japanese trade, and ending Korea's status as a tributary state of Qing Dynasty China.

Manchuria was originally separated from China proper by the Inner Willow Palisade, a ditch and embankment planted with willows intended to restrict the movement of the Han Chinese into Manchuria, as the area was off-limits to the Han Chinese until the Qing government started colonizing the area with them later on in the dynasty's rule, especially since the 1860s.

* The First Opium War between the United Kingdom and the Qing Empire of China started in 1839.

The Manchu people started sinicizing during the Qing dynasty.

The Xibe started to make direct contact with the Qing Dynasty when it conducted military campaigns against Russia.

In 1973 Jiang Qing, Mao's fourth wife and a former political ally of Lin's, started the Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius campaign, aimed at using Lin's scarred image to attack Zhou Enlai.

However, in 1645 Qing armies started to move against the remnants of the Ming, and Nanjing surrendered on 8 June 1645.

Puer Tea was once as expensive as gold during Qing Dynasty. In 1732, Governor of Yunnan Province, Eertai ( chinese name: 鄂尔泰 ） sent puer tea as tribute to the Emperor and puer tea started to be very famous, and was been trade to europe for two hundred years.

To the south, the region was separated from China proper by the Inner Willow Palisade, a ditch and embankment planted with willows intended to restrict the movement of the Han Chinese into Manchuria during the Qing Dynasty, as the area was off-limits to the Han until the Qing started colonizing the area with them later on in the dynasty's rule.

In the following year, Wu Sangui started the rebellion in the name of " overthrowing Qing and restoring Ming " ( 反清復明 ).

Because of this, traditional qinpu do not indicate them ( though near the end of the Qing dynasty, a handful of qinpu had started to employ various rhythm indicating devices, such as dots ).

The Criticize Lin ( Biao ), Criticize Confucius Campaign () ( also called the Anti-Lin Biao, Anti-Confucius campaign ) was a political propaganda campaign started by Mao Zedong and his wife, Jiang Qing, the leader of the Gang of Four.

During the later stages of the Cultural Revolution, the Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius campaign was a political campaign started by Mao Zedong's fourth wife Jiang Qing, which lasted from 1973 to 1974 and was an extension of the then-current anti-Lin Biao campaign, used to attack the then-Premier Zhou Enlai.

The construction of the old monastery was started in the beginning of Qing Dynasty and was renovated in the eighth ruling year of the Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty.

Building work on the Yonghegong Temple started in 1694 during the Qing Dynasty.

With the start of the rebellion in Gansu and Shaanxi in 1862, rumors started spreading among the Hui ( Dungans ) of Xinjiang that the Qing authorities are preparing a wholesale preemptive slaughter of the Huis in Xinjiang, or in a particular community.

As part of the " ice-breaking tour ", Chiang started his trip in Guangzhou to visit the graves of dozens of KMT members who died during an uprising against the Qing Dynasty in 1911.

In 1895, Guangzhou started its first uprising against Qing dynasty.

Qing China reached its largest extent during the 18th century, when it ruled China proper as well as Manchuria ( Northeast China ), Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet, at approximately 13 million km < sup > 2 </ sup > in size.

Furthermore, similar to Xinjiang which was converted into a province earlier, the Qing government also turned Manchuria into three provinces in the early 20th century, officially known as the " Three Northeast Provinces ", and established the post of Viceroy of Three Northeast Provinces to oversee these provinces, making the total number of regional viceroys to nine.

* Later Jīn Dynasty, or Later Jinn Dynasty ( from 1616 ) ( 後金 ), later known as the Qing Dynasty ( from 1636 ), Jurchen-founded in Manchuria

This name was used in Chinese documents until the early 20th century, when Manchuria was converted into three provinces by the late Qing government.

But in 1858, a weakening Qing Empire was forced to cede Manchuria north of the Amur to Russia under the Treaty of Aigun.

Following the Mukden Incident in 1931 and the subsequent Japanese invasion of Manchuria, the Japanese declared Inner Manchuria an " independent state ", and appointed the deposed Qing emperor Puyi as puppet emperor of Manchukuo.

After the Manchu-founded Qing Dynasty conquered the Ming Dynasty, the Qing court decided to continue to use the Ming administrative system to rule over former Ming lands, without applying it to other domains within the Qing Dynasty, namely Manchuria, Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Tibet.

There are some minor differences between the extent of Ming China and the extent of the eighteen provinces of Qing China: for example, some parts of Manchuria were a Ming possession belonging to the Ming province of Liaodong ( now Liaoning ); however, the Qing conquered it before the rest of China and did not put the region back into the provinces of China proper.

The Mongol rebellions in Inner Mongolia were counterbalanced by princes who hoped to see a restored Qing dynasty in Manchuria and Mongolia, as they considered the theocratic rule of the Bogd Khan would be against their modernizing objectives for Mongolia.

The Qing Dynasty, which replaced the Shun and Ming dynasties in China, was founded by Manchus from Manchuria ( modern Northeastern China ).

But Russia was not satisfied and, as the Qing Dynasty continued to weaken, they made further efforts to take control of the rest of Manchuria.

The Russian Empire and the Qing Empire had maintained a long peace, starting with the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689, but Czarist forces took advantage of Chinese defeats to impose the Aigun Treaty of 1858 and the Treaty of Peking of 1860 which ceded territory in Manchuria much of which is held by Russia to the present day.

In addition, the Qing Dynasty opened Manchuria to Han Chinese immigration during the 19th century ; Shandong was the main source of the ensuing tide of migrants.

Two weeks later, Ignatiev forced the Qing government to sign a " Supplementary Treaty of Peking " which ceded the land east of the Ussuri River ( forming part of Outer Manchuria ) to the Russians.

" After the fall of Qing Empire, especially the establishments of Manchu autonomous areas by PRC government, Manchuria became significant to Manchus again.

While the Manchu ruling elite at the Beijing imperial court and posts of authority throughout China was increasingly sinicized, the Qing imperial government viewed the Manchu communities ( as well as those of various tribal people ) in Manchuria as a place where traditional Manchu virtues could be preserved, and as a reservoir of military manpower fully dedicated to the regime.

During the Qing Dynasty, Manchuria was ruled by three generals, one of whom, the General of Shengjing, ruled much of modern Liaoning.

After 1668, the Qing Emperor banned Han Chinese migration to Manchuria.