* 1911 – The Wuchang Uprising leads to the demise of Qing Dynasty, the last Imperial court in China, and the founding of the Republic of China.

Qinghai was also put under direct control of the Qing court.

The Qing court sent forces to defeat Yaqub Beg and Xinjiang was reconquered, and then the political system of China proper was formally applied onto Xinjiang.

The Qing court responded by asserting Chinese sovereignty over Tibet, resulting in the 1906 Anglo-Chinese Convention signed between Britain and China.

The institutions which had been inherited from the Ming Dynasty formed the core of the Qing " outer court ," which handled routine matters and was located in the southern part of the Forbidden City.

When the Taiping Rebellion broke out in 1850s, the Qing court found out belatedly that the Banner and Green Standards troops could neither put down internal rebellions nor keep foreign invaders at bay.

In desperation the Qing court ordered a Chinese mandarin, Zeng Guofan, to organize regional () and village () militias into a standing army called tuanlian to contain the rebellion.

Even the most conservative elements within the Qing court could no longer ignore China's military weakness in contrast to the foreign " barbarians " literally beating down its gates.

The defeat was a rude awakening to the Qing court especially when set in the context that it occurred a mere three decades after the Meiji Restoration set a feudal Japan on course to emulate the Western nations in their economic and technological achievements.

The assault culminated in 119 BCE at the Battle of Mobei, where the Han commanders Huo Qubing ( d. 117 BCE ) and Wei Qing ( d. 106 BCE ) forced the Xiongnu court to flee north of the Gobi Desert.

The Joseon court was aware of the foreign invasions and treaties involving Qing China, as well as the First and Second Opium Wars, and followed a cautious policy of slow exchange with the West.

It took several more years before the Qing court would recognize Taiwan as part of the Qing realm.

After the Manchu-founded Qing Dynasty conquered the Ming Dynasty, the Qing court decided to continue to use the Ming administrative system to rule over former Ming lands, without applying it to other domains within the Qing Dynasty, namely Manchuria, Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Tibet.

The former nobility titles Qing ( 卿 ), Daifu ( 大夫 ) and Shi ( 仕 ) became synonyms for court officials.

In the following years, in order to prevent people from rebelling, the Qing court instituted a ban on migration to Taiwan, especially the migration of Hakka people from Guangdong province, which led Hokkien to become a prestige language in Taiwan.

The Qing court relied heavily on his army due to the proximity of its garrison to the capital and their effectiveness.

Both the Qing court and Yuan were fully aware that the Beiyang Army was the only Qing force powerful enough to quell the revolutionaries.

The court requested Yuan's return on 27 October, but he repeatedly declined offers from the Qing Court for his return, first as the Viceroy of Huguang, and then as Prime Minister of the Imperial Cabinet.

* In the second month of the first year ( 1661 ) of Kangxi, Qing court issued the emperor's decree: The sea shore inhabitants will be ordered to move inland 50 Li ( Chinese: 里 ; translation: mile ), to curb their links with the Taiwan rebels ( Koxinga ).

On 7 September 1901, the Qing court agreed to sign the " Boxer Protocol " also known as Peace Agreement between the Eight-Nation Alliance and China.

He was promised the position of President of the Republic of China if he could get the Qing court to abdicate.

This marks the end of the First Sino-Japanese War, and the defeated Qing Empire is forced to renounce its claims on Korea and to concede the southern portion of the Fengtien province, Taiwan and the Pescadores Islands to Japan.

By the end of Qianlong Emperor's long reign, the Qing Empire was at its zenith.

* Yin Yu Tang: A Chinese Home Explore the historical contents of domestic architecture during the Qing dynasty and its pertinence to Chinese heritage and historical culture.

Self administration was not achieved until the 1840s and it was subsequently transitioned into a Portuguese territory when Qing signed the Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking, until its handover to China in 1999.

Qing China reached its largest extent during the 18th century, when it ruled China proper as well as Manchuria ( Northeast China ), Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet, at approximately 13 million km < sup > 2 </ sup > in size.

By the mid-18th century, the Qing had successfully put outer regions such as Inner and Outer Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang under its control.

The Kumul Khanate, which was incorporated into the Qing empire as a vassal after helping Qing defeat the Zunghars in 1757, maintained its status after Xinjiang turned into a province through the end of the dynasty in the Xinhai Revolution up until 1930.

The Grand Secretariat (; Ma: 40px Dorgi yamun ), which had been an important policy-making body under the Ming Dynasty, lost its importance during the Qing Dynasty and evolved into an imperial chancery.

: Unlike its Ming predecessor, which had full control over all military matters, the Qing Board of War had very limited powers.

The Qing government's decision to turn the banner troops into a professional force whose every welfare and need was met by state coffers brought wealth, and with it corruption, to the rank and file of the Manchu Banners and hastened its decline as a fighting force.

However, circumstances led to the Yongying system becoming a permanent institution within the Qing military, which in the long run created problems of its own for the beleaguered central government.

Japan, a country long regarded by the Chinese as little more than an upstart nation of pirates, had convincingly beaten its larger neighbour and in the process annihilated the Qing government's pride and joy — its modernized Beiyang Fleet then deemed to be the strongest naval force in Asia.

This marks the end of the first Sino-Japanese War, and the defeated Qing Empire is forced to renounce its claims on Korea and to concede the southern portion of Fengtien province, Taiwan, and the Pescadores Islands to Japan.

But it diluted blame on Mao himself by asserting that the movement was " manipulated by the counterrevolutionary groups of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing ", who caused its worst excesses.

After a rapidly modernizing Japan forced Korea to open its ports in 1876, it successfully challenged the Qing Empire in the Sino-Japanese War ( 1894 – 1895 ).

The Qing Empire was forced to allow its subjects to work overseas under colonial powers.

( Pierre-Etienne Will, Bureaucracy and Famine ) Qing China carried out its relief efforts, which included vast shipments of food, a requirement that the rich open their storehouses to the poor, and price regulation, as part of a state guarantee of subsistence to the peasantry ( known as ming-sheng ).

After the Qing government refused compensation stating that the aboriginals were not under its control, Japan launched a punitive expedition to the area in 1874, withdrawing after the Qing promised to pay an indemnity.

During its reign the Qing Dynasty became highly integrated with Chinese culture.

However, its military power weakened thereafter and, faced with massive rebellions and defeat in wars, the Qing Dynasty declined after the mid-19th century.

The Taipei Confucius Temple traces its history back to 1879 during the Qing Dynasty and also incorporates southern Fujian-style architecture.