The various decorative elements employed in the Rayonnant style ( bar tracery, blind and open tracery, gables and pinnacles ) could also be applied on a much smaller scale, both for the micro-architectural fixtures and fittings within a church ( tombs, shrines, pulpits, sacrament houses, etc.

Typically Rayonnant pierced gables and open tracery employed as a micro-architectural framing device in an ivory diptych

In French Gothic architecture, Rayonnant () was the period between c. 1240 and 1350, characterized by a shift in focus away from the High Gothic mode of utilizing great scale and spatial rationalism ( such as with buildings like Chartres Cathedral or the nave of Amiens Cathedral ) towards a greater concern for two dimensional surfaces and the repetition of decorative motifs at different scales.

Although elements of the new style can be found at the Cistercian abbey church of Royaumont ( begun 1228, now mostly destroyed ), perhaps the most important step in the development of the Rayonnant style was the building of the Abbey Church of St Nicaise, in Reims ( begun 1231 ).

Key elements of the Rayonnant style were incorporated into English architecture with the rebuilding of Westminster Abbey by King Henry III, who had been present at the consecration of Louis IX's Ste Chapelle.

The Sainte Chapelle, a perfect example of the Rayonnant style of Gothic architecture, was erected as a shrine for the Crown of Thorns and a fragment of the True Cross, precious relics of the Passion of Jesus.

In 1389, a French chief engineer, Nicolas de Bonaventure, was appointed, adding to the church its Rayonnant Gothic, a French style not typical for Italy.

Open tracery in particular was a key feature of the later phases of Rayonnant Gothic.

In terms of the overall development of Gothic architecture, the crucial development was not so much the use of any particular tracery patterns but the transition from plate-to bar-tracery, which was what made the Rayonnant and subsequent styles possible.

His style was essentially Rayonnant Gothic, however there are influences from the English Perpendicular Period.

The final architectural innovation that emerged as part of the Rayonnant style in France was the use of glazed triforia.

Rayonnant was also very influential in the Holy Roman Empire, as evidenced by the cathedrals at Strasbourg, Cologne and Prague.

The transition ( in France ) from Rayonnant to Flamboyant Gothic was gradual and evolutionary in form, marked primarily by a shift towards new tracery patterns based on S-shaped curves ( these curves resemble flickering flames, from which the new style got its name ).

* Rayonnant gothic Cathedral, with its stained glass windows

After the mid-14th century, Rayonnant gradually evolved into the Late Gothic, Flamboyant style, though as usual with such arbitrary stylistic labels, the point of transition is not clearly defined.

Whilst all phases of Gothic architecture were concerned to some degree with levels of illumination and the appearance of structural lightness, Rayonnant takes this to the extreme.

As well as increasing the size of window openings, the Rayonnant period coincided with the development of the band window, in which a central strip of richly coloured stained glass is positioned between upper and lower bands of clear or grisaille glass, which allowed even more light to flood in.

The most significant change in design came in the mid 13th century, when the transepts were remodeled in the latest Rayonnant style ; in the late 1240s Jean de Chelles added a gabled portal to the north transept topped off by a spectacular rose window.

Rayonnant rose window in Notre Dame de Paris.

* c. 1245 – 1260s Transepts remodelled in the Rayonnant style by Jean de Chelles then Pierre de Montreuil

Begun some time after 1239 and consecrated on the 26th of April 1248, the Sainte-Chapelle is considered among the highest achievements of the Rayonnant period of Gothic architecture.

The royal chapel is a prime example of the phase of Gothic architectural style called " Rayonnant ", marked by its sense of weightlessness and strong vertical emphasis.

The chapel exterior shows many of the typical characteristics of Rayonnant architecture-deep buttresses surmounted by pinacles, crocketted gables around the roof-line and vast windows subdivided by bar tracery.

The chapel interior features a pair of Fourteenth-Century carved doors, fan-vaulted coving supporting a canted panelled ceiling ; a set of carved oak choir stalls designed by Jeffry ; and an array of Rayonnant lancet windows.

* Rayonnant, 2000-2002.

Rayonnant rose window fron Notre-Dame de Paris.

The high choir of Cologne Cathedral ( 1248 – 1322 ) is considered as one of the finest Rayonnant structures of the Middle Ages.

The name Rayonnant derives from the attempts of 19th-century French art historians ( notably Henri Focillon and Ferdinand de Lasteyrie ) to classify Gothic styles on the basis of window tracery.

On this basis, Focillon and his colleagues adopted the term Rayonnant ( from the French word meaning " to radiate ") specifically to describe the radiating spokes of the rose windows which flourished during this period.

Although changes in window design are the most oft-cited feature of the Rayonnant style, they were actually just one part of a more fundamental aesthetic shift.

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