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The Reform Act 1867 extended the franchise by 938, 427 – an increase of 88 % – by giving the vote to male householders and male lodgers paying at least 10 pounds for rooms and eliminating rotten boroughs with fewer than 10, 000 inhabitants, and granting constituencies to fifteen unrepresented towns, and extra representation in parliament to larger towns such as Liverpool and Manchester, which had previously been under-represented in Parliament.
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Reform and Act
; Assaulting a person designated or accredited under sections 38 or 39 or 41 or 41A of the Police Reform Act 2002: This offence is created by section 46 ( 1 ) of the Police Reform Act 2002.
As part of a 1996 initiative to curb illegal immigration, Clinton signed the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act ( IIRIRA ) on September 30, 1996.
This was primarily a political strategy designed to give the Conservative party control of the reform process and the subsequent long-term benefits in the Commons, similar to those derived by the Whigs after their 1832 Reform Act.
After decades in opposition the Whigs came to power under Grey in 1830 and carried the First Reform Act in 1832.
The Reform Act was the climax of Whiggery but also brought about the Whigs ' demise.
The leading Radicals were John Bright and Richard Cobden, who represented the manufacturing towns that had gained representation under the Reform Act.
After a brief Conservative interlude ( during which the Second Reform Act was passed by agreement between the parties ), Gladstone won a huge victory at the 1868 election and formed the first Liberal government.
Among the consequences of the Third Reform Act ( 1884 – 85 ) was the giving of the vote to the Catholic peasants in Ireland, and the consequent creation of an Irish Parliamentary Party led by Charles Stewart Parnell.
A major long-term consequence of the Third Reform Act was the rise of Lib-Lab candidates, in the absence of any committed Labour Party.
The Third Reform Act also facilitated the demise of the Whig old guard: in two-member constituencies, it was common to pair a Whig and a radical under the Liberal banner.
After the Third Reform Act, fewer Whigs were selected as candidates.
Debates on the Reform Bill ( eventually the Reform Act 1832 ) had highlighted the variations in systems of governance of towns, and a Royal Commission was set up to investigate the issue.
After the Reform Act, which disenfranchised many of the rotten boroughs ( boroughs that had declined in importance, had only a small population, and had only a handful of eligible voters ), parliamentary constituencies began to diverge from the ancient boroughs.
While many ancient boroughs remained as municipal boroughs, they were disenfranchised by the Reform Act.
* Law Reform ( Contributory Negligence ) Act 1945
* Law Reform ( Personal Injuries ) Act 1948
Its notable victories were the Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829, the Reform Act of 1832, and the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846.
A popular sweeping Land Reform Act, as well as American foreign aid during the 1950s, laid the foundation for Taiwan's economic success, becoming one of the Four Asian Tigers.
It should be noted, however, that the Class Action Fairness Act contains carve-outs for, ' inter alia ', shareholder class actions covered by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and those concerning internal corporate governance issues ( the latter typically being brought as shareholder derivative actions in the state courts of Delaware, the state of incorporation of most large corporations ).
Reform and 1867
Prior to the 1867 Reform Bill the working class did not possess the vote and therefore had little tangible political power.
After engineering the defeat of a Liberal Reform Bill introduced by Gladstone in 1866, Disraeli and Derby introduced their own measure in 1867.
Disraeli and Gladstone Race to Pass the Reform Bill, Punch, 1867 The rivalry between Disraeli and Gladstone helped to identify the position of Prime Minister with specific personalities.
Disraeli's old reputation as the " Tory democrat " and promoter of the welfare state fell away as historians showed he that Disraeli had few proposals for social legislation in 1874-80, and that the 1867 Reform Act did not reflect a vision Conservatism for the unenfranchised working man.
One admirer of Salisbury, Maurice Cowling largely agrees with the critics and says Salisbury found the democracy born of the 1867 and 1884 Reform Acts as " perhaps less objectionable than he had expected — succeeding, through his public persona, in mitigating some part of its nastiness.
The Conservatives then formed a ministry, in which after long Parliamentary debate Disraeli passed the Second Reform Act of 1867, more far-reaching than Gladstone's proposed bill had been.
However, no proposal was successful until 1867, when Parliament adopted the Second Reform Act.
" Other historians have taken a far less laudatory view, arguing that genuine democracy began to arise only with the Second Reform Act in 1867, or perhaps even later.
Lord Derby's minority Conservative administration passed a Reform Act in 1867, nearly doubling the electorate from 1, 430, 000 to 2, 470, 000 and the Liberal Party won the 1868 election.
Benjamin Disraeli's Conservative government carried through the Reform Act 1867, doubling the electorate in the process.
Before he became leader of the Conservative Party, Disraeli had announced that, as a result of the Reform Act of 1867 which had enfranchised the male working class, the party needed to pursue social reforms if it was to have electoral success.
Reform of the empire through the Compromise of 1867 assigned it to the Hungarian part of the realm, and a year later to the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia.
The book appeared at the same time that Parliament enacted the Reform Act of 1867, requiring Bagehot to write an extended introduction to the second edition, which appeared in 1872.
He surprised some commentators when, in 1867, he spoke in favour of the second Reform Bill.
After the Reform Act 1867 there was increasing welfare legislation.
Directly after the Reform Bill had passed, Forster and Edward Cardwell brought in Education Bills in 1867 and 1868.
Neither of these suggestions was then adopted, but the former ultimately formed part of the Reform Act 1867.
Lord Robert Cecil was first elected to the House of Commons in 1854 and served as Secretary of State for India in Lord Derby's Conservative government from 1866 until his resignation in 1867 over its introduction of Benjamin Disraeli's Reform Bill that extended the suffrage to working-class men.
One admirer of Salisbury, Maurice Cowling largely agrees with the critics and says Salisbury found the democracy born of the 1867 and 1884 Reform Acts as " perhaps less objectionable than he had expected — succeeding, through his public persona, in mitigating some part of its nastiness.
He felt then, and still more after the Reform Act of 1867, that " we must educate our masters ," and he rather scandalized his old university friends by the stress he laid on physical science as opposed to classical studies.
However Benjamin Disraeli who led the subsequent Conservative government proposed his own Reform Bill, which by splitting the parties succeeded to become the Reform Act 1867.
* Reform Act 1867
The first recorded use of the expression with its modern meaning is by John Bright, referring to the Reform Bill of 1867, which called for more democratic representation in Parliament, an issue about which Parliament was singularly apathetic.
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