* 30 BC – Octavian ( later known as Augustus ) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic.

Following their victory at Phillipi, the Triumvirate divided the Roman Republic between themselves and ruled as military dictators.

After the demise of the Second Triumvirate, Augustus restored the outward facade of the free Republic, with governmental power vested in the Roman Senate, the executive magistrates, and the legislative assemblies.

In a famous passage that is often considered the first specimen of alternative history, Livy speculates on what would have been the outcome of a military showdown between Alexander the Great and the Roman Republic.

In Roman times, a main route ran south from the Baltic coast in through the land of the Boii ( modern Czech Republic and Slovakia ) to the head of the Adriatic Sea ( modern Gulf of Venice ).

Aedile (, from aedes, " temple building ") was an office of the Roman Republic.

* Constitution of the Roman Republic

Until then much of the Roman world outside of Italy supported Pompey and his allies due to the extensive list of clients he held in all corners of the Republic.

21 years later, these were in turn abolished and annexed to the Roman Republic as the province of Macedonia ( 146 BC ).

Category: Wars involving the Roman Republic

The Battle of Actium was the decisive confrontation of the Final War of the Roman Republic.

As Augustus, he would retain the trappings of a restored Republican leader ; however, historians generally view this consolidation of power and the adoption of these honorifics as the end of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire.

Antony was inevitably perceived by Octavian and the majority of the Roman Senate as the leader of a separatist movement that threatened to break the unity of the Roman Republic.

This victory, consolidating his power over every Roman institution, marked the transition of Rome from Republic to Empire.

Category: Naval battles of the Roman Republic

Dalmatia was the northern part of the Illyrian kingdom between the 4th century BC until the Illyrian Wars in the 220s BC and 168 BC when the Roman Republic established its protectorate south of the river Neretva.

The ancient Roman concept of virtus ( i. e. of virtue that had to be proved by a political or military career ), which Cicero suggested as the solution to the societal problems of the late Republic, meant little to them.

cos .; Latin plural consules ) was the highest elected office of the Roman Republic and an appointive office under the Empire.

The French-sponsored Roman Republic ( 15 February 1798 – 23 June 1800 ) was headed by multiple consuls:

Rome was occupied by France ( 11 July – 28 September 1799 ) and again by Naples ( 30 September 1799 – 23 June 1800 ), bringing an end to the Roman Republic.

The cursus honorum ( Latin: " course of offices ") was the sequential order of public offices held by aspiring politicians in both the Roman Republic and the early Empire.

In the early Roman Republic, 24 men at the age of around 20 were elected by the Tribal Assembly to serve as a commander in the legions, with six tribunes to each and command rotating among them.

This was the only office in the Roman Republic whose term was a period of eighteen months instead of the usual twelve.

However, when he died, his will was ignored — the kingdom was annexed as if conquered, Boudica was flogged, her daughters were raped, and Roman financiers called in their loans.

Roman law also allowed inheritance only through the male line, so when Prasutagus died his attempts to preserve his line were ignored and his kingdom was annexed as if it had been conquered ; lands and property were confiscated and nobles treated like slaves.

Again, the Roman army sustained heavy losses, but Trajan succeeded in capturing Sarmizegetusa and, importantly, annexed the Dacian gold and silver mines.

The Seleucid kingdom continued to decline and its remaining provinces were annexed by the Roman Republic in 64 BC as Iudaea Province.

Ptolemy Apion, the last Greek ruler, bequeathed Cyrenaica to Rome, which formally annexed the region in 74 BC and joined it to Crete as a Roman province.

It was this Gaulish participation that caused Provence to be annexed in 122 BC by the Roman Republic.

In 40 – 39, Herod the Great was appointed King of the Jews by the Roman Senate, and in 6 CE the last ethnarch of Judea was deposed by the emperor Augustus and his territories were combined with Idumea and Samaria and annexed as Iudaea Province under direct Roman administration.

In 1773 King Frederick II of Prussia, having conquered and annexed Silesia in 1742, had St. Hedwig's Cathedral in Berlin built for the Catholic Upper Silesian immigrants, now the mother church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin.

But after the fall of Carthage, the area was annexed to the Roman Empire in AD 40.

His general Suetonius Paulinus crushed a revolt in Britain and also annexed the Bosporan Kingdom to the Empire, beginning the First Roman – Jewish War.

Trajan resettled Dacia with Romans and annexed it as a province of the Roman Empire.

* 1003: Robert II of France invades the Duchy of Burgundy, then ruled by Otto-William, Duke of Burgundy ; the initial invasion is unsuccessful, but Robert II eventually gained the acceptance of the Roman Catholic Church in 1016 and annexed Burgundy into his realm.

* Dobruja is annexed into Roman Moesia.

* The Icenian chiefs are deprived of their hereditary estates, the Roman army annexed East Anglia.

* Trajan declares Armenia to be annexed and becomes a Roman province.

By the Treaty of Campoformio signed on October 17, 1797 part of the Venetian mainland was handed over to Francis II of the Holy Roman Empire and a western part was annexed to the French backed Cisalpine Republic.

Under the reorganization of the Holy Roman Empire in 1802, the Bishopric was secularized and annexed to the Habsburg territories.

The Roman army annexed Armenia.

The region was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, under Louis XIII and Louis XIV, and formalized as one of the provinces of France.

Although Prussia and Austria had been allies in the War of Polish Succession, concluded only two years before, when the Holy Roman Emperor died, distracting the Habsburg Monarchy to the southeast, Frederick opportunistically invaded and annexed Silesia, using a questionable interpretation of a treaty ( 1537 ) between the Hohenzollerns and the Piasts of Brieg as pretext.

The remaining Carthaginian territories were annexed by Rome and reconstituted to become the Roman province of Africa.