The Romulans were created by Paul Schneider, who said " it was a matter of developing a good Romanesque set of admirable antagonists ... an extension of the Roman civilization to the point of space travel ".

The result is that the Cathedral reflects a hodgepodge of architectural styles, with a Gothic nave, a Romanesque crossing under the dome ; chapels in French, English and Spanish Gothic styles, as well as Norman and Byzantine ; Gothic choir stalls, and Roman arches and columns separating the high altar and ambulatory.

Examples of Romanesque architecture can be found across the continent, making it the first pan-European architectural style since Imperial Roman Architecture.

Combining features of Roman and Byzantine buildings and other local traditions, Romanesque architecture is known by its massive quality, thick walls, round arches, sturdy piers, groin vaults, large towers and decorative arcading.

The Gothic vault, unlike the semi-circular vault of Roman and Romanesque buildings, can be used to roof rectangular and irregularly shaped plans such as trapezoids.

Cleopatra ’ s “‘ Roman ’ language of command works to undermine Antony's authority .” By using a Romanesque rhetoric, Cleopatra commands Antony and others in Antony ’ s own style.

There is also an altar stone dating from the 10th century and medieval and Romanesque tombstones ( one of which documents the name of the Roman town of Egara ).

* The Cathedral of San Rufino ( St. Rufinus ), with a Romanesque façade with three rose windows and a 16th ‑ century interior ; part of it is built on a Roman cistern.

Tourism related to history and art is also strong, as the region contains the historic cities of Carcassonne, Toulouse, Montpellier, countless Roman monuments ( such as the Roman arenas in Nîmes ), medieval abbeys, Romanesque churches, and old castles ( such as the ruined Cathar castles in the mountains of Corbières, testimony of the bloody Albigensian Crusade ).

Northern Europe embraced classical Mediterranean Roman art forms for the first time, setting the stage for the rise of Romanesque art and eventually Gothic art in the West.

* Cathedral basilica of Notre-Dame, with a dome standing at over 100 m. The crypt is one of the largest in France, and has Roman, Romanesque and Gothic elements.

The Croatian name derives from the Roman name (), while the younger title ( meaning ) was created in the mediaeval Romanesque period.

However, the Roman dome is supported by ranks of tapered Corinthian columns, with their extravagant capitals of acanthus leaves and their elaborately fluted shafts, while the dome at El Escorial, soaring nearly one hundred metres into the air, is supported by four heavy granite piers connected by simple Romanesque arches and decorated by simple Doric pilasters, plain, solid, and largely unprepossessing.

Growth of St. Stephen's Cathedral: The < font color =" green "> Roman towers and Giant's Door </ font > from the burned-out first church were used as part of the Romanesque < font color ="# FF8080 "> second church </ font > built to replace it.

Romanesque, prevalent in medieval Europe during the 11th and 12th centuries, was the first pan-European style since Roman Imperial Architecture and examples are found in every part of the continent.

That heritage can be discerned in language, incorporating shards of the Roman past, in architecture, in the emerging Romanesque ( Norman ) architecture, and in a new feudal structure erected as a bulwark against the chaos that overtook the Continent following the collapse of Roman authority and the subsequent Dark Ages.

Other notable Roman vestiges along the road, aside from those within the individual towns, include a pair of tower tombs between Bevagna and Foligno ; and along the eastern branch of the Flaminia in particular, in the area between Spoleto and Trevi, many small Romanesque churches, partly built of reused Roman stone ( spolia ) — including a few inscriptions — mark the straight line of the road quite clearly.

The collections found therein comprise an interesting series of the Bronze Age, as well as various Roman and Romanesque objects.

Such is the importance of the Roman remains in Vigo that many Spanish authors have come to coin the term Romanesque Vigo ( románico vigués in Spanish ).

The design of the cathedral nods to Romanesque architecture of the Holy Roman Empire, most notably to the abbey church in Hildesheim and the Speyer Cathedral.

Historically, clerestory denoted an upper level of a Roman basilica or of the nave of a Romanesque or Gothic church, the walls of which rise above the rooflines of the lower aisles and are pierced with windows.

* Valerie M. Hope: Constructing Identity: The Roman Funerary Monuments of Aquelia, Mainz and Nimes ; British Archaeological Reports ( 16.

Patras and its region is home to various Ancient Greek, Roman and Byzantine Monuments, including the Roman Odeon, the Fortress of Rio and the Fortress ( castle ) of Patras.

Van Deman extended her research to other kinds of concrete and brick construction and published " Methods of Determining the Date of Roman Concrete Monuments " in The American Journal of Archaeology in 1912.

* 1981: Classified a UNESCO world heritage site, as part of the Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments group.

Roman arena at Arles, inside view.

Both places were then part of the Kingdom of Arles in the Holy Roman Empire, but now the first is in southeastern France and the second in northwestern Italy.

Sometime between 395 and 418 the Roman administration moved the staff of Pretorian Prefecture from the city to Arles.

* 407: Constantine III leads many of the Roman military units from Britain to Gaul, occupying Arles ( Arelate ).

* The Roman usurper Constantine III established his headquarters at Arles ( Southern Gaul ) and elevates his eldest son, Constans, to the rank of Caesar.

* Flavius Aetius, Roman general ( magister militum ), arrives in southern Gaul with an army ( 40, 000 men ) and defeats the Visigoths under king Theodoric I who besiege the strategic city of Arles.

* July 9 – Avitus is proclaimed Roman emperor at Toulouse, and later recognised by the Gallic chiefs in Viernum ( near Arles ).

* 1263 – The doctrines of theologian Joachim of Fiore are condemned as heresy by the Roman Catholic Church at a synod in Arles.

Arles was at that time still independent, formally a part of the Holy Roman Empire.

* The doctrines of theologian Joachim of Fiore are condemned as heresy by the Roman Catholic Church at a synod in Arles.

( Piecemeal over the next centuries most of the former Kingdom of Arles was incorporated into France – but King of Arles remained one of the Holy Roman Emperor's subsidiary titles until the dissolution of the Empire in 1806.

The Roman arena at Arles ( 2nd century AD )

Roman veterans, in the meantime, populated two new towns, Arles and Fréjus, at the sites of older Greek settlements.

) Roman towns were built at Cavaillon ; Orange ; Arles ; Fréjus ; Glanum ( outside Saint-Rémy-de-Provence ); Carpentras ; Vaison-la-Romaine ; Nîmes ; Vernègues ; Saint-Chamas and Cimiez ( above Nice ).

At the beginning the 4th century, the court of Roman Emperor Constantine ( 280 – 337 ) was forced to take refuge in Arles.

It is documented that there were organized churches and bishops in the Roman towns of Provence as early as the 3rd and 4th centuries ; in Arles in 254 ; Marseille in 314 ; Orange, Vaison and Apt in 314 ; Cavaillon, Digne, Embrun, Gap, and Fréjus at the end of the 4th century ; Aix-en-Provence in 408 ; Carpentras, Avignon, Riez, Cimiez ( today part of Nice ) and Vence in 439 ; Antibes in 442 ; Toulon in 451 ; Senez in 406, Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux in 517 ; and Glandèves in 541.

After the collapse of the Roman Empire, the city was part of the first Burgundian kingdom in the 5th century and the second Burgundian Kingdom of Arles until 1032, when it was integrated into the Holy Roman Empire.

Fabian sent seven bishops from Rome to Gaul to preach the Gospel: Gatianus of Tours to Tours, Trophimus of Arles to Arles, Paul of Narbonne to Narbonne, Saturnin to Toulouse, Denis to Paris, Austromoine to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Clermont, and Saint Martial to Limoges.

The Arles Amphitheatre | Roman arena at Arles is still in use today, drawing large crowds for bullfighting as well as Play ( theatre ) | play s and concert s in summer.

Arles Amphitheatre, a Roman arena.