The late 4th century writer on Roman military affairs Vegetius mentions soldiers using reed rafts, drawn by leather leads, to transport equipment across rivers.

The writer of the pesher draws a comparison between the Babylonian invasion of the original text and the Roman threat of the writer's own period.

Among ancient sources, the poet Simonides, another near-contemporary, says the campaign force numbered 200, 000 ; while a later writer, the Roman Cornelius Nepos estimates 200, 000 infantry and 10, 000 cavalry, of which only 100, 000 fought in the battle, while the rest were loaded into the fleet that was rounding Cape Sounion ; Plutarch and Pausanias both independently give 300, 000, as does the Suda dictionary.

The first “ Classic ” writer was Aulus Gellius, a 2nd-century Roman writer who, in the miscellany Noctes Atticae ( 19, 8, 15 ), refers to a writer as a Classicus scriptor, non proletarius (“ A distinguished, not a commonplace writer ”).

The most complete existing works dealing with the mythical origins of the constellations are by the Hellenistic writer termed pseudo-Eratosthenes and an early Roman writer styled pseudo-Hyginus.

The Roman writer Vitruvius credited the invention of the Corinthian order to Callimachus, a Greek sculptor of the 5th century BCE.

The handbook De architectura by Roman writer, architect and engineer Vitruvius, is the only architectural writing that survived from Antiquity.

Quintus Ennius ( c. 239 – c. 169 BC ) was a writer during the period of the Roman Republic, and is often considered the father of Roman poetry.

The French Enlightenment writer Voltaire remarked sardonically: " This agglomeration which was called and which still calls itself the Holy Roman Empire was neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire.

The Scythians were described by Roman writer Strabo as inhabiting the lands to the north of the Black Sea in present-day Ukraine, Moldova and Romania.

Gaius Julius Caesar (, July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC ) was a Roman general and statesman and a distinguished writer of Latin prose.

Julian (, ; 331 / 332 – 26 June 363 ), commonly known as Julian the Apostate or Julian the Philosopher, was Roman Emperor from 361 to 363 and a noted philosopher and Greek writer.

In a great sermon ( during Easter week ) on 10 April 1588, he stoutly vindicated the Reformed character of the Church of England against the claims of Roman Catholicism and adduced John Calvin as a new writer, with lavish praise and affection.

Notaries public ( also called " notaries ", " notarial officers ", or " public notaries ") hold an office which can trace its origins back to the ancient Roman Republic, before Cicero 106-43 B. C., when they were called scribae (" scribes "), tabellius (" writer "), or notarius (" notary ").

Italian writer Luigi Malerba used the confusion among the leaders of the Catholic Church, which was created by Adrian's unexpected election, as a backdrop for his 1995 novel, Le maschere ( The Masks ), about the struggle between two Roman cardinals for a well-endowed church office.

According to the late Roman writer Vegetius ' De Re Militari, each century had a ballista and each cohort had an onager, giving the legion a formidable siege train of 59 Ballistae and 10 Onagers each manned by 10 libritors ( artillerymen ) and mounted on wagons drawn by oxen or mules.

* Seneca the Elder ( 54 BC – 39 AD ), Roman orator and writer, father of the above

The late Roman writer Vegetius, in his work De Re Militari, wrote:

He is a character in Greek mythology and is mentioned in Homer's Iliad, and receives full treatment in Roman mythology as the legendary founder of what would become Ancient Rome, most extensively in Virgil's Aeneid.

During Virgil's time Aeneas was well-known and various versions of his adventures were circulating in Rome, including Roman Antiquities by Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus ( relying on Marcus Terentius Varro, Ab Urbe Condita by Livy ( probably dependent on Quintus Fabius Pictor, fl.

Cerberus featured in many prominent works of Greek and Roman literature, most famously in Virgil's Aeneid, Peisandros of Rhodes ' epic poem the Labours of Hercules, the story of Orpheus in Plato's Symposium, and in Homer's Iliad, which is the only known reference to one of Heracles ' labours which first appeared in a literary source.

The Annals became a school text for Roman schoolchildren, eventually supplanted by Virgil's Aeneid.

Other ancient epic poetry includes the Greek epics Iliad and Odyssey, the Old Iranian books the Gathic Avesta and Yasna, the Roman national epic, Virgil's Aeneid, and the Indian epics Ramayana and Mahabharata.

* Four talks by scholars on aspects of the Aeneid ( including Virgil's relationship to Roman history, the Rome of Caesar Augustus, the challenges of translating Latin poetry, and Purcell's opera Dido and Aeneas ), delivered at the Maine Humanities Council's Winter Weekend program.

The paramount identification in the Latin poets of the Augustan age is with Portunus, the Roman god of safe harbours, memorably in Virgil's Georgics.

In Virgil's Aeneid, the twins of Aloeus are found in Dis, the Roman name for Hades, and there Aeneas sees them being punished by Rhadamanthus.

In later Roman mythology ( notably Virgil's Aeneid ), Latinus, or Lavinius, was a king of the Latins.

Carthage was the Roman Republic's greatest rival and enemy, and Virgil's Dido in part symbolises this.

Mnestheus is a character from Roman mythology, found in Virgil's Aeneid.

Virgil's Aeneid, in many respects, emulated Homer's Iliad ; Plautus, a comic playwright, followed in the footsteps of Aristophanes ; Tacitus ' Annals and Germania follow essentially the same historical approaches that Thucydides devised ( the Christian historian Eusebius does also, although far more influenced by his religion than either Tacitus or Thucydides had been by Greek and Roman polytheism ); Ovid and his Metamorphoses explore the same Greek myths again in new ways.

He also encouraged the publication of works such as Virgil's Æneid, which depicted " pious Æneas ", the legendary ancestor of Rome, as a role model for Roman religiosity.

However the entire picture should have been familiar in Italian and Roman religious lore as is shown by the complexity and ambivalence of the relationship of Juno with the Rome and Romans in Virgil's Aeneid, who has Latin, Greek and Punic traits, result of a plurisaecular process of amalgamation.

Perhaps Juno's most prominent appearance in Roman literature is as the primary antagonistic force in Virgil's Aeneid, where she is depicted as a cruel and savage goddess intent upon supporting first Dido and then Turnus and the Rutulians against Aeneas ' attempt to found a new Troy in Italy.

Virgil's Aeneid was taken to be the Roman equivalent of the Iliad, starting from the Fall of Troy and leading up to the birth of the young Roman nation.

The Roman story is related in Virgil's Aeneid and other works.

Virgil's tomb ( Italian: Tomba di Virgilio ) is a Roman burial vault dating back to the Augustan age, located in Naples, southern Italy.

" Vulcania " is the mythical smithy of the Roman gods, described in Virgil's Aeneid 8: 425.

The school's motto is " Fortune Favors the Brave ", taken from the Lee family and based on the Roman philosopher Virgil's quote.

Ovid's first century Roman audience would surely have had a basic knowledge of Polyphemus ' role as an uncivilized cannibal in Book IX of the Odyssey, and this episode gives an amusing contrast to that characterization.

The character type of Lazarillo, which determines the story and the so-called picaresque novel genre, has been shaped from characterization elements already present in Roman literature.

Also, the legendary Roman warrior Gaius Marcius Coriolanus earned his cognomen after taking the Volscian town of Corioli in 493 BC.

The affected use of antiquated terms, introduced by some of the Latin writers of that age, is humorously ridiculed by him, in a dialogue in which an Oscan, a Volscian and a Roman are introduced as interlocutors ( 1531 ).

* A gentlewoman, an usher, Roman and Volscian senators and nobles, captains in the Roman army, officers, lictors

The town walls consist of Byzantine and medieval towers erected along the Volscian and Roman curtain wall, in " polygonal " style similar to those of Constantinople.

The Agro Pontino geologically is one of four geomorphic divisions of a somewhat larger area, the Pontine Region, also comprising the Monti Albani, the Volscian Mountiains and Monte Circeo ; in short, all of Roman Latium.

Corioli, an ancient Volscian city in Latium adiectum, taken, according to the Roman annals in 493 BC, with Longula and Pollusca, and retaken for the Volsci by Gaius Marcius Coriolanus, its original conqueror, who, in disgust at his treatment by his countrymen, had deserted to the enemy.