The Ancient Romans modified the game by adding a target that had to be approached as closely as possible.

Strabo states that in 166 BC the Romans converted Delos into a free port, which was partially motivated by seeking to damage the trade of Rhodes, at the time the target of Roman hostility.

This back-fired when Eburones pointed out to the Sigambri that the Romans had all the booty at Aduatuca, and were the more attractive target.

The major status of Agrigentum meant that it was a target for invading forces and in 262 BC, the Romans attacked the city to prevent the Carthaginians from holding it and using it as a staging ground for a possible attack on Rome.

Vienne was a target during the Migrations Period: it was taken by the Burgundians in 438, re-taken by the Romans and held for 35 years, by the Franks in 534, sacked by the Lombards in 558, and by the Moors in 737.

Because she and the Tanukhids had left Aleppo to use the desert as their base, the Romans were left without a standing target upon which to inflict retribution.

Troy cannot have been Asagarth, Snorri realizes, the reason being that the Æsir in Asaland were unsettled by the military activities of the Romans ; that is, of the Byzantine Empire.

The Germanics were in Germany and Scandinavia during earliest mention of them in Roman literature, long before the Romans had even conquered Italy.

The Gauls were ambivalent in their policies toward the Romans.

They launched a major invasion of Gaul and northern Italy in 268, when the Romans were forced to denude much of their German frontier of troops in response to a massive invasion of the Goths from the east.

Underneath the royal class were the nobles ( called optimates by the Romans ) and warriors ( called armati by the Romans ).

Making Antioch his base, he marched at the head of his troops towards Ctesiphon, but a second army was destroyed by the Persians, and further losses were incurred by the retreating Romans in Armenia.

Several engagements took place outside the town and the Romans were eventually victorious.

Although most of the legions were lost, about 10, 000 Romans cut their way through to safety, maintaining unit cohesion.

They sprung the attack when the Romans were most vulnerable-when they had left their fortified camp, and were on the march in a pounding rainstorm.

Its invention is credited to the Celts, the Romans were thought to have adopted their design.

They were constantly at war with the Romans, who eventually conquered them.

The sanctity of the shrine ensured certain privileges to the people of Abae, and these were confirmed by the Romans.

The baths were known to the Romans as Aponi fons or Aquae Patavinae.

Before Caesar's time they had attached themselves to the Romans, and were honoured with the title of brothers and kinsmen of the Roman people.

The greatest bridge builders of antiquity were the ancient Romans.

It is, however, apparent that by the time of the Romans, coins featuring a star or crescent in some combination were not at all rare.

In 107 BC, the Battle of Burdigala was fought by the Romans who were defending the Allobroges, an allied Roman tribe, and the Tigurini led by Divico.

The Romans were defeated and their commander, the consul Lucius Cassius Longinus was killed in the action.

Discipline within the troops is often of greater importance ; at the Battle of Alesia, the Romans were greatly outnumbered but won because of superior training.

Troops were often actually used to storm enemy ships as used by Romans and pirates.

Over the last half of the 20th century, historical and archaeological research has increasingly supported the theory that the remnants of the Celtic Boii were absorbed into the Roman Empire and later intermingled with other Germanic peoples who chose to stay ( or were stationed by the Romans ) in the area.

The Batavi were an ancient Germanic tribe, originally part of the Chatti, that lived around the Rhine delta, in the area that the Romans called Batavia and that is currently the Netherlands, from the second half of the first century BC to the third century AD.

In 148 BC, in what the Romans called the Fourth Macedonian War, he was defeated by the Roman praetor Q. Caecilius Metellus ( 148 ) at the Second Battle of Pydna, and fled to Thrace, whose prince gave him up to Rome, thus marking the final end to Andriskos ' reign of Macedonia.

According to Strabo, writing two centuries after the events, rather than being destroyed by the Romans like their Celtic neighbours, " the Boii were merely driven out of the regions they occupied ; and after migrating to the regions round about the Ister, lived with the Taurisci, and carried on war against the Daci until they perished, tribe and all — and thus they left their country, which was a part of Illyria, to their neighbours as a pasture-ground for sheep.

Other evidence to the language of the Cimbri is circumstantial: thus, we are told that the Romans enlisted Gaulish Celts to act as spies in the Cimbri camp prior to the final showdown with the Roman army in 101 BC.

By 64 BC, Julius Caesar's legions had established their occupation, and the Romans had thus unified all three regions of Libya ( Tripolitania, Cyrenaica and northern Fezzan ) in one single new province called Africa proconsularis ( later Cyrenaica was separated administratively ).

On 31 May 1188 he concluded a treaty with the Romans which removed long standing difficulties, thus returning the Papacy to Rome.

On the other hand, at the start of the First Punic War the Romans had no navy, and were thus at a disadvantage until they began to construct their own large fleets during the war.

In the end it allowed him to defeat the Romans in the field, but not in the strategically crucial city of Rome itself, thus making him unable to win the war.

The Romans heavily colonized the province, and thus started a period of intense romanization, the Vulgar Latin giving birth to the Proto-Romanian language.

In this manner, he completed the conquest of the Latins and relocated them to the Aventine Hill, thus forming the plebeian class of Romans.

* Saint Piran ' rediscovered ' tin-smelting ( tin had been smelted in Cornwall since before the Romans ' arrival, but the methods had since been lost ) when his black hearthstone, which was evidently a slab of tin-bearing ore, had the tin smelt out of it and rise to the top in the form of a white cross ( thus the image on the flag ).

Sagitta's shape is reminiscent of a arrow, and many cultures have interpreted it thus, among them the Persians, Hebrews, Greeks and Romans.

The Carthaginian army in Iberia, excluding the forces in Africa, totaled, according to Polybius, 90, 000 infantry, 12, 000 cavalry and 37 war elephants: it was thus one of the largest in the Hellenistic world and equal in numbers to any that the Romans had yet fielded.

The country was not, however, definitely subdued by the Romans until 9 BC, when it was incorporated into Illyricum, the frontier of which was thus extended as far as the Danube.

Suggestions by Livy that the Romans banned the rites because women occupied leadership positions in the cult have been dismissed by Celia Schultz, thus: In light of view of female religious activity ... and despite the claims of Livy's narrative, it is unlikely that the gender of worshippers involved was the primary motivation behind the Senate's action.

Philip decides to reject the Roman ultimatum and the Romans declare war on Macedon, thus starting the Second Macedonian War.

In return, the Romans agree that Antiochus IV can retain southern Syria, to which Egypt has laid claim, thus enabling Antiochus IV to preserve the territorial integrity of his realm.

* Thanks to the efforts of Eumenes II of Pergamum while in Rome, the Romans declare war on Macedonia and send troops to Thessaly, thus beginning the Third Macedonian War.

* The Romans, led by Consuls Gaius Atilius Regulus and Lucius Aemilius Papus, decisively defeat the coalition of Cisalpine Gallic tribes at the Battle of Telamon thus extending Roman influence over northern Italy.

Rather than an accurate account of Jesus ' relationship to Pharisees and other Jewish leaders, this view holds that the Gospels instead reflect the competition and conflict between early Christians and Pharisees for leadership of the Jews, or reflects Christian attempts to distance themselves from Jews in order to present themselves in a more sympathetic ( and benign ) light to Romans and other Gentiles — thus making them a biased source concerning the conduct of the Pharisees.

They thus were perceived to have had presented a story of Jesus that was more sympathetic to Romans than to Jews.

The envoys insisted that the conflict was caused by the building of Roman forts in their lands ; furthermore individual bands of Quadi were not necessarily bound to the rule of the chiefs who had made treaties with the Romans – and thus might attack the Romans at any time.

Here, at the highest spot, the Romans built a castellum ( Castellum Laurum ), as part of the limes of the Roman Empire and thus part of the defense lines of the northern border of the Roman Empire.

Calvinists contend that God extends mercy and grace to whom He will according to His plan ( Romans 8 ), and administers justice ( which, by its very nature is the punishment for sin, and thus in every way good and holy in concordance with the character of God ) to all others.