The haste with which the Danes resumed their attack on Norse Dublin before consolidating their control of Saxon England indicates that the entire Danish invasion was not primarily aimed at the conquest of Saxon England, but to secure a North Sea base of operations to use as a springboard in the conflict with the Norwegians, who controlled an extensive trade network in the Orkney Islands, the Hebrides, the Isle of Man, the Isle of Wight, and Ireland, which exported goods as the Danes did, from the British Isles south-east through Kievan Rus as far as Constantinople and Baghdad, following the Dniepr from the Baltic to the Black Sea.

In 859 he personally besieged Samosata, but in 860 he had to abandon his expedition to repel a Rus ' attack on Constantinople.

Of particular interest is the fact that the Schechter Letter account of Oleg's death ( namely, that he fled to and raided FRS, tentatively identified with Persia, and was slain there ) bears remarkable parallels to the account of Arab historians such as Ibn Miskawayh, who described a similar Rus ' attack on the Muslim state of Arran in the year 944 / 5.

Having devastated the various Rus principalities, Subutai and Batu sent spies into Poland, Hungary, and as far as Austria, in preparation for an attack into the heartland of Europe.

His attack threatened to cut the sons of Yaroslav in the Middle Dnieper region off from Scandinavia, the Baltic region, and the far north, important sources of men, trade, and income ( in furs for example ) for the Rus princes in the Middle Dnieper.

At the war council of the Rus ’ princes it was decided not to wait for the coming of the Tatars but to attack them deep in the Cuman steppes.

Often allied with Byzantium ( hired as mercenaries against the Rus at one time, Bulgars at another ), they just as easily would break alliance and attack Byzantium.

The Merki attack is more successful than the Tugar one and forces the humans to abandon the Rus territory in a scorched earth campaign, but eventually they win.

The saga includes several stories, such as the voyage of Ottar from Hålogaland to Bjarmaland, the legend of Hjalmar's foster-brother ( originally named Söte ), Starkaðr, Ketil Höing, Odysseus and Polyphemus, Sigurd Jorsalfare and the Rus ' ruler Oleg of Novgorod ( the attack on Bjalkaland ).

Illustration from the Madrid Skylitzes showing the Byzantine fleet repelling the Rus '– Byzantine War ( 941 ) | Rus ' attack on Constantinople in 941, and the use of the spurs to smash the oars of the Rus ' vessels.

In 1237, Subutai together with Batu led another attack on Rus ', this time with 120, 000 men and with this army, he conquered Kievan Rus '.

The Sequids, who have been hiding in the sewers, commence their attack led by Rus Livingston.

The Byzantine fleet repels the Rus ' attack on Constantinople in 941.

Another Rus ' attack in 1043 was beaten back with ease, and with the exception of a short-lived attempt to recover Sicily under George Maniakes, no major naval expeditions were undertaken either.

Rus actively participated, along with other MVD units, in the military and paramilitary operations in Chechnya and the broader North Caucasus region along special forces units ( including in the Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis and the Kizlyar-Pervomayskoye hostage crisis ; in one incident, a whole platoon of Rus sent to Dagestan was eliminated in a roadside bombing attack ).

Another Scandinavian people, the Rus ' people, would go on to found Kievan Rus ', an early state which was a precursor for the modern country of Russia.

Repelling their regular attacks, especially on Kiev, which was just one day's ride from the steppe, was a heavy burden for the southern areas of Rus '.

The impact of the Mongol invasion on the territories of Kievan Rus ' was uneven.

Only Gallus Anonymus mentions the then Prince on occasion of the description of his father's trip to Rus in 1018: " due to the fact that his son (...) Mieszko wasn't considered yet capable of taking the government by himself, he established a regent among his family during his trip to Rus ".

In 1206 the crusaders subdued the Livonian stronghold in Turaida on the right bank of Gauja river, the ancient trading route to the Northwestern Rus.

The Ros / Rus people ( Swedes from the Roslagen area ) may have given the name to the state " Russia ", though this is highly disputed based on the lack of evidence and the poor documentation of 9th-11th century Eastern Europe.

The Rurikid dynasty went on to rule the Kievan Rus ', and ultimately the Tsardom of Russia until 1598.

Many Slavic scholars are opposed to this theory of Germanic influence on the Rus ' ( people ) and have suggested alternative scenarios for this part of Eastern European history.

Even the queen ’ s first husband, the Rus ' prince Yuri, was forced on her by the nobles.

Polotsk was a key fortress on the way to Kiev, and the capture of Polotsk and Smolensk facilitated the taking of Kiev ( 978 ), where he slew Yaropolk by treachery, and was proclaimed knyaz of all Kievan Rus.

In 981, he conquered the Cherven cities ( known later as Galicia ) shifting his borders toward Poland ; in 983, he subdued the Yatvingians, whose territories lay between Lithuania and Poland ; in 985, he led a fleet along the central rivers of Kievan Rus ' to conquer the Bulgars of the Kama, planting numerous fortresses and colonies on his way.

He also said that the Bulgars ' religion of Islam was undesirable due to its taboo against alcoholic beverages and pork ; Vladimir said on that occasion: " Drinking is the joy of all Rus '.

The Rus ' rulers invaded the Byzantine Empire on few occasions, but eventually they allied against the Bulgars.

The earliest major manuscript with information on Rus ' history is the Primary Chronicle, written in the late 11th and early 12th centuries.

Although this defeat left the Kievan principality at the mercy of invaders, the Mongol forces retreated and did not reappear for thirteen years, during which time the princes of Rus ' went on quarreling and fighting as before, until they were startled by a new and much more formidable invading force.

The influence of the Mongol invasion on the territories of Kievan Rus ' was uneven.

Although Russian forces defeated the Golden Horde at the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380, Mongol domination of parts of Rus ' territories, with the requisite demands of tribute, continued until the Great stand on the Ugra river in 1480.

Historians have debated the long-term influence of Mongol rule on Rus ' society.

* Excerpts of primary chronicle, including founding of Novgorod by Rus, Attacks on Byzantines, and Conversion of Vladimir.

At the same time, most legal documents throughout Rus ' were written in a purely Old East Slavic language ( supposed to be based on the Kiev dialect of that epoch ).

" The Khazar Qaghanate and its Impact on the Early Rus ' State: The translatio imperii from Itil to Kiev.

Of the auxiliaries, the Kamchatka, Ural and Rus were sunk on 27 May, Irtuish ran aground on 28 May, Koreya and Svir were interned in Shanghai and the Anadyr escaped to Madagascar.

* Oleg of Kiev ( Old Norse: Helgi ), Swede who founded Kievan Rus ' and led several major raids against Constantinople

* First siege of Constantinople by the Rus.

Kievan Rus subsequently accepted conversion from Constantinople and Byzantine Christianity.

From this base, the mixed Varangian-Slavic population ( known as the Rus ) launched several expeditions against Constantinople.

* Oleg leads the Kievan Rus ' in a campaign against Constantinople ( see Rus '- Byzantine War ( 907 )).

They also excelled in trading along the coasts and rivers of Europe, running trade routes from Greenland in the north to Constantinople in the south via Russian and Ukrainian Rivers rivers, most notably along the River Dnipro and via Kiev, then being the capital of Kiev Rus.

Byzantine sources also refer to the Rus raiders who attacked Constantinople around 860 AD in contemporary accounts as " Tauroscythians ", because of their geographical origin, and despite their lack of any ethnic relation to Scythians.

During his time in Constantinople, Harald amassed considerable wealth, which he shipped to Kievan Rus ' for safekeeping.

After a few years in Kievan Rus ', Harald and his crew of around 500 men moved on south to Constantinople ( referred to in the sagas as Miklagard ), the capital of the Byzantine Empire, where they joined the Varangian Guard, probably sometime in 1034.

Harald became extremely rich during his time in the east, and secured the wealth collected in Constantinople by shipments to Kievan Rus ' for safekeeping ( with Yaroslav the Wise acting as safekeeper for his fortune ).

After having escaped from Constantinople around 1043 / 44, Harald arrived back in Kievan Rus '.

In 907 Constantinople was attacked by the Kievan Rus ' under Oleg of Novgorod, who was seeking favourable trading rights with the empire.

Numerous legends are connected with Monomakh's name, including the transfer from Constantinople to Rus of such precious relics as the Theotokos of Vladimir and the Vladimir / Muscovite crown called Monomakh's Cap.

The toponym translates as Little or Lesser Rus ’ and is adapted from the Greek term, used in medieval times by patriarchs of Constantinople since the fourteenth century ( it first appeared in church documents in 1335 ).

The name was used by Patriarch Callistus I of Constantinople in 1361 when he created two metropolitan sees: the one called Great Rus ’ in Vladimir and Kiev and the other one called Little Rus ’ with the centers in Galich ( Halych ) and Novgorodok ( Navahrudak ).

Union of Brest (,, ) or Union of Brześć refers to the 1595-1596 decision of the Ruthenian Church of Rus ', the " Metropolia of Kiev-Halych and all Rus '", to break relations with the Patriarch of Constantinople and enter into communion with and place itself under the authority of the Pope of Rome.

In early 988, Patriarch Photius of Constantinople announced to other Orthodox patriarchs that the Rus ', baptised by his bishop, took to Christianity with particular enthusiasm.

Referencing the Siege of Constantinople of 860, Photius informs the Oriental patriarchs and bishops that, after the Bulgarians turned to Christ in 863, the Rus ' followed suit.

Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, when well manned, they were almost impregnable for any medieval besieger, saving the city, and the Byzantine Empire with it, during sieges from the Avars, Arabs, Rus ', and Bulgars, among others ( see Sieges of Constantinople ).

In 1308 king Boleslaw-Yuri II of Galicia nominated and the Patriarch of Constantinople appointed Peter to the vacant see of Kiev and all Rus '.