In Orkney there are more than a dozen on the facing shores of Eynhallow Sound, and many at the exits and entrances of the great harbour of Scapa Flow.

They would then be led to Scapa Flow and interned, pending the outcome of the peace negotiations.

This was partly a consequence of his ships being stationed at Rosyth, rather than Scapa Flow with the main fleet, since local facilities at Rosyth were limited, but this was a problem identified months before Jutland which Beatty had failed to correct.

In Germany, Beatty had ruined his reputation when he told the crews of his ships that were receiving the German High Seas Fleet for its internment at Scapa Flow, " Don't forget that the enemy is a despicable beast ," and arranged the surrender of the German Fleet as a grand spectacle of humiliation.

After the end of the war in June 1919 the German fleet interned in Scapa Flow was scuttled by its crews, to avoid its ships being taken over by the victorious allies.

As in World War I, Scapa Flow in Orkney served as an important Royal Navy base.

Attacks on Scapa Flow and Rosyth gave RAF fighters their first successes downing bombers in the Firth of Forth and East Lothian.

Scotland's Scapa Flow was the main base for the Royal Navy in the 20th century.

* 1919 – Admiral Ludwig von Reuter scuttles the German fleet in Scapa Flow, Orkney.

The Imperial Navy was largely destroyed at Scapa Flow in 1919 by its own officers, after Germany's defeat.

After the end of World War I, the bulk of the Navy's modern ships ( 74 in all ) were interned at Scapa Flow where the entire fleet ( with a few exceptions ) was scuttled by its crews on 21 June 1919 on orders from its commander, Rear Admiral Ludwig von Reuter.

* 1940 – First person killed in a German bombing raid on the UK in World War II during a raid on Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands, James Isbister.

* 1939 – The sinks the British battleship within her harbour at Scapa Flow, Scotland.

The main naval base for the British fleet Scapa Flow in both the First and Second World Wars was situated at Lyness in the south-east of the island.

Image: ScapaFlowVisitorCentreRLH. jpg | Scapa Flow Visitor Centre

* Scuttling of the German fleet in Scapa Flow

Aberdeen, Avonmouth, Barry, Belfast, Bristol, Cardiff, Dover, Edinburgh / Leith, Falmouth, Fishguard, Glasgow, Gloucester, Grangemouth, Harwich, Heysham, Holyhead, Hull, Kirkwall, Larne, Liverpool, London, Londonderry, Manchester, Milford Haven, Oban, Peterhead, Plymouth, Poole, Port Talbot, Portishead, Portsmouth, Scapa Flow, Stornoway, Stranraer, Sullom Voe, Swansea, Tees, Tyne.

* August 2 – Squadron Commander E. H. Dunning lands his aircraft on the ship in Scapa Flow, Orkney.

** Scuttling of the German fleet in Scapa Flow: Admiral Ludwig von Reuter scuttles the German fleet in Scapa Flow, Scotland.

A close protégé of Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz, Raeder focused all of his efforts on rebuilding the High Seas Fleet that had scuttled itself at Scapa Flow in 1919.

The concentration of the German fleet in Norway served three purposes ; namely as a threat to Anglo-American convoys carrying supplies around the North Cape to the Soviet Union, to deter an Allied invasion of Norway and as a fleet in being that tied down British warships at Scapa Flow that might otherwise be deployed in the Battle of the Atlantic.

Lord Kitchener sailed from Scrabster to Scapa Flow on 5 June 1916 aboard HMS Oak before transferring to the armoured cruiser HMS Hampshire for his diplomatic mission to Russia.

He also visited the fleet at Scapa Flow, where he cruised on the HMS Nigeria, and spent considerable time in Portsmouth.

En route back to Norway Haakon anchored some of his fleet in Scapa Flow for the winter, but he died that December whilst staying at the Bishop's Palace in Kirkwall.

In 1650, the Royalist general James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose, moored his ship, the Herderinnan, in the Scapa Flow-in preparation for his attempt to raise a rebellion in Scotland which would end in failure and rout at the Battle of Carbisdale.

Following the German defeat in the First World War, 74 ships of the Kaiserliche Marine's High Seas Fleet were interned in Gutter Sound at Scapa Flow pending a decision on their future in the peace Treaty of Versailles.

On 21 June 1919, after nine months of waiting, Rear Admiral Ludwig von Reuter, the German officer in command at Scapa Flow, made the decision to scuttle the fleet because the negotiation period for the treaty had lapsed with no word of a settlement ( he was not kept informed that there had been a last-minute extension to finalise the details ).

New blockships were sunk, booms and mines were placed over the main entrances, increased anti-aircraft batteries were installed at crucial points, and Winston Churchill ordered the construction of a series of causeways to block the eastern approaches to Scapa Flow ; they were built by Italian prisoners of war held in Orkney.

Petroleum tankers wait at anchor in Scapa Flow.

* Scuttling of the High Seas Fleet at Scapa Flow

* About the shipwrecks at Scapa Flow

Any German ships seeking to leave their home ports on the German coast must either pass the-wide Straits of Dover, defended by British submarines and mines, or the North Sea, where the British fleet was stationed around its main wartime base at Scapa Flow in Scotland, defending the-wide narrowest point between Britain and Norway.

* 14 October 1939, the British battleship is sunk in the main British fleet base at Scapa Flow, Orkney ( north of mainland Scotland ) by.

This diversionary force assembled at Scapa Flow for a week, sailing two days after the convoy.

* HMS Royal Oak was a Revenge-class battleship launched in 1914 and sunk at anchor in 1939, in Scapa Flow.

Constructed in waters up to 18 metres deep, the four barriers link five islands on the eastern side of the natural harbour at Scapa Flow.

John Rushworth Jellicoe, admiral of the Grand Fleet, was perpetually nervous about the possibility of submarine or destroyer attacks on Scapa Flow, therefore starting in 1914 the base was reinforced with minefields, artillery, and concrete barriers.

Three days after this submarine attack, four Luftwaffe Junkers Ju 88 bombers raided Scapa Flow in one of the first bombing attacks on Britain during the war.

In a raid on Scapa Flow the next day, one Ju 88 was downed by anti-aircraft fire, crashing on the island of Hoy.

German reconnaissance of Scapa during the period of assembly failed to notice the diversion, which was also not sighted on its passage.

Squadron Commander Edwin Harris Dunning | E H Dunning attempting to land his Sopwith Pup on the flying-off deck of HMS Furious, Scapa Flow, 7 August 1917.

* Scapa Single Malt, on Orkney

He served as Navigating Officer on a Fleet Tug operating from Scapa Flow between January and March 1940.

The next day the unit boarded HMS Queen Emma, but on 22 February 1941, after they anchored at Scapa Flow, their real objective was divulged.

The task force, now known as Force J, left Scapa and Greenock for the Lofoten Islands on Monday 22 December, and those at Lerwick the following day.

En route to join up with the main force, the infantry landing ship Prinses Josephine Charlotte developed engine trouble, and together with her destroyer escort Wheatland was sent back to Scapa, arriving on 24 December.