In the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government ; burghs were the Scottish equivalent.

There are seats for each of the 79 councillors, situated in a Hemicycle, all facing the Lord Provost ( the Scottish equivalent of the lord mayor found in London and other cities ), his Depute, and the Chief Executive, who are seated behind the mace.

James Macpherson was the first Scottish poet to gain an international reputation, claiming to have found poetry written by Ossian, he published translations that acquired international popularity, being proclaimed as a Celtic equivalent of the Classical epics.

This was nicknamed tonsura magorum (" Magus " was accepted as equivalent to druid, and to this day the Magoi of Matthew 2, are druidhean in the Scottish Gaelic Bible ).

They were worn by the sovereign at the installation of knights of that order, the Irish equivalent of the English Order of the Garter and the Scottish Order of the Thistle.

The Scottish equivalent of an English baron is a Lord of Parliament.

The Anglian territory of Bernicia was approximately equivalent to the modern English counties of Northumberland and Durham, and the former Scottish counties of Berwickshire and East Lothian, stretching from the Forth to the Tees.

It was summarized by Reuss as the Degree of " Scotch Masonry ," equivalent to " Scotch Mason, Knight of St. Andrew, Royal Arch ," and he described it as " Full instruction in the Scottish degrees of Ancient and Accepted Masonry.

Often, within countries such as the US, the UK ( and, in all likelihood, China ) there are standardised qualifications, examinations and workbooks that form the concrete teaching materials needed for secondary-school and pre-university courses ( for example, within the UK, all students are required to sit or take Scottish Highers / Advanced Highers, A-levels or their equivalent in order to ensure that a certain minimal level of mathematical competence in a wide variety of topics has been obtained ).

This is a situation like that of Lowland Scots and Scottish Standard English – where lexical items have been re-allocated to the phoneme classes that are nearest to the equivalent standard classes.

The equivalent title in the Scottish peerage is Duke of Albany.

In Scotland, the equivalent trails are called Long Distance Routes and are administered by Scottish Natural Heritage.

At the older universities the degree of Master of Arts is conferred in the arts subjects after four years while the newer universities instead conferrer the degree of Bachelor of ArtsThe degree of Master of Arts conferred by the Ancient Scottish Universities is equivalent to the degree of Bachelor of Arts at other universities and does not require the level of study necessitated for the other degrees of master awarded by these universities.

The equivalent British term is the GCE " Advanced Level " or " Advanced Highers Scottish ", the Irish is " Leaving Certificate ", the German is " Abitur ", or simply " Abi ", the French is " le baccalauréat ", or simply " le bac ", the Australian is " Higher School Certificate ( HSC )", previously known as " Matriculation ", the Romanian is " bacalaureat ".

They were worn by the sovereign at the installation of knights of that order, the Irish equivalent of the English Order of the Garter and the Scottish Order of the Thistle.

The Scottish equivalent of a sheriff's bailiff or high bailiff is the sheriff officer ( for the Sheriff Court ) or the messenger-at-arms ( for the Court of Session ).

* Standard Grade, a Scottish certificate of education, roughly equivalent to the English and Welsh GCSE

James Macpherson was the first Scottish poet to gain an international reputation, claiming to have found poetry written by Ossian, he published translations that acquired international popularity, being proclaimed as a Celtic equivalent of the Classical epics.

" The Scottish SPCA changed its logo in 2005 to make a clearer distinction between itself and the RSPCA in an attempt to prevent legacies being left to its English equivalent by mistake when the Scottish charity was intended.

At the Ancient universities of Scotland ( St Andrews, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen ) a BSc ( Hons ) indicates a four year course, being the equivalent of the Scottish MA for science degrees.

On one level, there was the residual perception of a connection that many mainstream Protestant voters associated with the sectarian violence in Northern Ireland — a perception that is unfair to a large extent since the Scottish Orange Order has dealt more stringently with members associating with Northern Irish paramilitaries than its Irish equivalent.

Since at least the 12th century, Welsh bards and musicians have participated in musical and poetic contests called eisteddfodau ; this is the equivalent of the Scottish Mod and the Irish Fleadh Cheoil.

Children 1st – formerly the Royal Scottish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children – is the NSPCC's equivalent in Scotland.

The sambur buck, the jungle stag that is even more noble than the Scottish elk.

`` Ring Of Bright Water '' by Gavin Maxwell is just that -- a haunting, warmly personal chronicle of a man, an otter, and a remote cottage in the Scottish West Highlands.

* Atlas is a nickname for Michael Marra, a Scottish musician ( born 1952 )

* 1318 – Berwick-upon-Tweed is captured by the Scottish from England.

* 1858 – The Wernerian Natural History Society, a former Scottish learned society, is wound up.

Abbotsford is a historic house in the region of the Scottish Borders in the south of Scotland, near Melrose, on the south bank of the River Tweed.

The general ground-plan is a parallelogram, with irregular outlines, one side overlooking the Tweed ; and the style is mainly the Scottish Baronial.

Scottish Borders Council is considering an application by a property developer to build a housing estate on the opposite bank of the River Tweed from Abbotsford, to which Historic Scotland and the National Trust for Scotland object.

In Scottish Law, consent is not a defense for assault.

An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding is a book by the Scottish empiricist philosopher David Hume, published in 1748.

* 1305 – William Wallace, who led the Scottish resistance against England, is captured by the English near Glasgow and transported to London where he is put on trial and executed.

* 1388 – The Battle of Otterburn, a border skirmish between the Scottish and the English in Northern England, is fought near Otterburn.

Scottish empiricist David Hume made a similar argument, that belief in objective moral truths is unwarranted and to discuss them is meaningless.

Contributions from these ethnic foods have become as common as traditional " American " fares such as hot dogs, hamburgers, beef steak, which are derived from German cuisine, ( chicken-fried steak, for example, is a variation on German schnitzel ), cherry pie, Coca-Cola, milkshakes, fried chicken ( Fried chicken is of Scottish and African influence ) and so on.

* 1904 – The first international rugby league match is played between England and an Other Nationalities team ( Welsh & Scottish players ) in Central Park, Wigan, England.

* 1296 – First War of Scottish Independence: John Balliol's Scots army is defeated by an English army commanded by John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey at the Battle of Dunbar.

* 1951 – The Stone of Scone, the stone upon which Scottish monarchs were traditionally crowned, is found on the site of the altar of Arbroath Abbey.

Areas similar to that of the council area are covered by the Angus Westminster constituency for the UK Parliament and the area is also represented at the Scottish Parliament by both the Angus and North Tayside Holyrood constituencies.

The triforium ( open arcade ) above the door is unique in Scottish medieval architecture.

There is a Scottish Youth Hostels Association hostel in Acheninver, a short distance to the north.

Bundle theory, originated by the 18th century Scottish philosopher David Hume, is the ontological theory about objecthood in which an object consists only of a collection ( bundle ) of properties, relations or tropes.