Gold Scythian pectoral, or neckpiece, from a royal kurgan in Tolstaya Mogila, Yenakiieve | Ordžonikidze, Ukraine, dated to the second half of the 4th century BC.

Gold clothing appliqué, showing two Scythian archers, 400 to 350 BC.

In 2000, the touring exhibition ' Scythian Gold ' introduced the North American public to the objects made for Scythian nomads by Greek craftsmen north of the Black Sea, and buried with their Scythian owners under burial mounds on the flat plains of present-day Ukraine, most of them unearthed after 1980.

*" Scythian Gold From Siberia Said to Predate the Greeks " A journalist's article on the Arzhan finds, quoting Hermitage experts

) Scythian Gold: Treasures from Ancient Ukraine Abrams Inc, New York 1999

Prudence Harper of the Metropolitan Museum of Art voiced some practical reservations about hoards at the time of the Soviet exhibition of Scythian gold in New York, 1975.

Click on the image for a larger viewThe battle of Naissus came about as a result of two massive invasions of " Scythian " tribes ( as our sources anachronistically call them ) into Roman territory between 267 and 269.

The Arsacid emperor Mithridates II ( c 123 – 88 / 87 BCE ) had scored many successes against the Scythians and added many provinces to the Parthian empire, and apparently the Scythian hordes that came from Bactria were also conquered by him.

A section of these people moved from Bactria to Lake Helmond in the wake of Yue-chi pressure and settled about Drangiana ( Sigal ), a region which later came to be called " Sakistana of the Skythian ( Scythian ) Sakai ", towards the end of 1st century BCE.

The word “ butter ” is believed to be derived from the Greek word bou-tyron, the approximate meaning of which is “ cowcheese .” ( dubious ) However, some believe the word came from the Scythian culture, as the ancient Greeks tended to herd sheep and goats, whose milk is not as optimal for butter making as cows, which the Scythians primarily herded.

As the Scythians came in contact with the Greeks, their artwork influenced Greek art, and was influenced by it ; also many pieces were made by Greek craftsmen for Scythian customers.

Earlier Pliny says that a large island of three days ' sail from the Scythian coast called Balcia by Xenophon of Lampsacus is called Basilia by Pytheas.

Anacharsis (; ) was a Scythian philosopher who travelled from his homeland on the northern shores of the Black Sea to Athens in the early 6th century BC and made a great impression as a forthright, outspoken " barbarian ", apparently a forerunner of the Cynics, though none of his works have survived.

Anacharsis the son of Gnurus, a Scythian chief, was half Greek and from a mixed Hellenistic culture, apparently in the region of the Cimmerian Bosporus.

Greetings from Anacharsis to Hanno: My clothing is a Scythian cloak, my shoes are the hard soles of my feet, my bed is the earth, my food is only seasoned by hunger-and I eat nothing but milk and cheese and meat.

In 1788 Jean Jacques Barthelemy ( 1716 – 95 ), a highly esteemed classical scholar and Jesuit, published The Travels of Anacharsis the Younger in Greece, about a young Scythian descended from Anacharsis.

It is also possible that the name Axeinos arose by popular etymology from a Scythian Iranic axšaina-' unlit ,' ' dark '; the designation " Black Sea " may thus date from Antiquity.

In 1647, Dutch linguist and scholar Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn noted the similarity among Indo-European languages, and supposed that they derived from a primitive common language he called Scythian.

Earlier Pliny says that a large island of three days ' sail from the Scythian coast called Balcia by Xenophon of Lampsacus is called Basilia by Pytheas.

The Parni, a nomadic Central Asian tribe, invaded Parthia in the middle of the 3rd century BCE, drove away its Greek satraps — who had just then proclaimed independence from the Seleucids — and annexed much of the Indus region, thus founding an Arsacids dynasty of Scythian or Bactrian origin.

Prokofiev's first major success breaking out of the composer-pianist mould was with his purely orchestral Scythian Suite, compiled from music originally composed for a ballet commissioned by Sergei Diaghilev of the Ballets Russes ; Diaghilev commissioned three further ballets from Prokofiev – Chout, Le pas d ' acier and The Prodigal Son – which at the time of their original production were all highly successful.

Diaghilev commissioned ballet music from composers such as Nikolai Tcherepnin ( Narcisse et Echo, 1911 ), Claude Debussy ( Jeux, 1913 ), Maurice Ravel ( Daphnis et Chloé, 1912 ), Erik Satie ( Parade, 1917 ), Manuel de Falla ( El Sombrero de Tres Picos, 1917 ), Richard Strauss ( Josephslegende, 1914 ), Sergei Prokofiev ( Ala and Lolly, rejected by Diaghilev and turned into the Scythian Suite ; Chout, 1915 revised 1920 ; Le pas d ' acier, 1926 ; and The Prodigal Son, 1929 ), Ottorino Respighi ( La Boutique fantasque, 1918 ), Francis Poulenc ( Les biches, 1923 ) and others.

* Pectoral, from the tomb of a Scythian at Ordzhonikidze, Russia, is made.

* The Scythian king Rudradaman I reconquers from the Andhra the lands annexed by Gautamiputra.

The word cannabis is from Greek () ( see Latin ), which was originally Scythian or Thracian.

This may have been a construction meaning " cow-cheese ", from βοῦς ( bous ), " ox, cow " + τυρός ( turos ), " cheese ", but perhaps this is a false etymology of a Scythian word.

A Scythian horseman from the general area of the Ili river, Ukok Plateau | Pazyryk, c. 300 BC.

The expansion of Scythian cultures stretching from the Hungarian plain and the Carpathians to the Chinese Kansu Corridor and linking Iran, and the Middle East with Northern India and the Punjab, undoubtedly played an important role in the development of the Silk Road.

In Geoffrey Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn Ireland's " ninth appellation it received likewise from the sons of Milesius, who named it Scotia, from their mother's name, Scota, who was the daughter of Pharaoh Nectanebo I, king of Egypt ; or perhaps from themselves, they being originally of the Scythian race.

Much of the surviving information about the Scythians comes from the Greek historian Herodotus ( c. 440 BC ) in his Histories and Ovid in his poem of exile Epistulae ex Ponto, and archaeologically from the exquisite goldwork found in Scythian burial mounds in Ukraine and Southern Russia.

A number of studies on ancient DNA recovered from Scythian kurgan burials were published in the 2000s.

Pazyryk findings give the most number of almost fully preserved garments and clothing worn by the Scythian / Saka peoples.

Herodotus and other classical historians listed quite a number of tribes who lived near the Scythians, and presumably shared the same general milieu and nomadic steppe culture, often called " Scythian culture ", even though scholars may have difficulties in determining their exact relationship to the " linguistic Scythians ".

The Suda attributes a number of books to Abaris, including a volume of Scythian Oracles in dactylic hexameter, a prose theogony, a poem on the marriage of the river Hebrus, a work on purifications, and an account of Apollo's visit to the Hyperboreans.

A number of artifacts have been found from the Scythian era in Szolnok and in the area surrounding it.

He excavated a great number of Scythian and Khazar kurgans and settlements ( most famously, the Khazar fortress of Sarkel ), and published a hefty monograph ( Istoriya Khazar ) on Khazars in 1962.

Scythian art has became well known in the West thanks to a series of touring loan exhibitions from Ukrainian and Russian museums, especially in the 1990s and 2000s.

The rebels are defeated by the Eastern Roman army under John the Scythian and John the Hunchback in the Battle of Cotyaeum ( subordinate commanders including the future Justin I ).

The final development of Scythian culture was intimately linked to a variety of elements, including a Scytho-Siberian platform modified by Caucasian, Greek and Assyrian-Urartian influences.

Other findings included Scythian burial mounds eroded over the centuries by waves, as well as numerous well-preserved artifacts, including bronze battleaxes, arrowheads, self-sharpening daggers, objects discarded by smiths, casting molds, and a faceted gold bar that was a monetary unit of the time.

Germania was inhabited by different tribes, the vast majority Germanic but also including some Celtic, Baltic, Scythian, and proto-Slavic peoples.

Zeno sent an army including both Romans and Ostrogoths under John the Scythian which managed to defeat them.

During the building of the Zagyva River dikes, remnants of a Scythian settlement were found, including iron pots and other pottery.

Scythian jewellery features various animals including stags, cats, birds, horses, bears, wolves and mythical beasts.

It was known under various other names including the Scythian Lamb, the Borometz, Barometz and Borametz, the latter three being different spellings of the local word for lamb.

Early La Tène style adapted ornamental motifs from foreign cultures into something distinctly new ; the complicated brew of influences including Scythian art and that of the Greeks and Etruscans among others.