Following his death and the breakup of his empire, Anatolia was ruled by a series of Hellenistic kingdoms, much of it being controlled by the Greek Seleucid Empire.

In the 5th century BCE, it became a province of the Achaemenian Empire and later became part of the Seleucid Empire.

* Cleopatra I Syra ( c. 204 – 176 BC ), princess of the Seleucid Empire and by marriage, queen of Ptolemaic Egypt

One such incident played an important part in the history of the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire.

Judah became the frontier between the Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Egypt, eventually becoming part of the Seleucid Empire.

In the 2nd century BCE, Antiochus IV Epiphanes ( ruler of the Seleucid Empire ) tried to eradicate Judaism in favour of Hellenistic religion.

Seleucus, a Macedonian officer during Alexander's campaign, declared himself ruler of his own Seleucid Empire, encompassing Persia and Afghanistan.

The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom was founded when Diodotus I, the satrap of Bactria ( and probably the surrounding provinces ) seceded from the Seleucid Empire around 250 BC.

Yehud was absorbed into the subsequent Hellenistic kingdoms that followed the conquests of Alexander the Great, but in the 2nd century BCE the Judaeans revolted against the Hellenist Seleucid Empire and created the Hasmonean kingdom.

Afghanistan became part of the Seleucid Empire after Alexander died, which formed an alliance with the Indian Maurya Empire.

According to the Talmud, at the re-dedication of the Temple in Jerusalem following the victory of the Maccabees over the Seleucid Empire, there was only enough consecrated oil to fuel the eternal flame in the Temple for one day.

In the middle of the 2nd century BCE Jericho was under Hellenistic rule of the Seleucid Empire, when the Syrian General Bacchides built a number of forts to strengthen the defences of the area around Jericho against the revolt by the Macabees.

Hanukkah marks the defeat of Seleucid Empire forces that had tried to prevent the people of Israel from practicing Judaism.

In 127 BC, out of the ruins of the Seleucid Greek Empire, Characene was founded at the head of the Persian Gulf in borders similar to present day Kuwait.

The region became part of the Seleucid Empire before falling to the Indian Maurya Empire.

After Alexander's death the region was absorbed into the Seleucid Empire.

It fell to Alexander the Great in 332 BC and, after his death, it became part of the Greek Seleucid Empire.

The Seleucid Empire was a major center of Hellenistic culture which maintained the preeminence of Greek customs and where a Greek-Macedonian political elite dominated, mostly in the urban areas.

Antiochus III the Great (; c. 241 – 187 BC, ruled 222 – 187 BC ) was a Seleucid Greek king and the 6th ruler of the Seleucid Empire.

Antiochus IV Epiphanes (;, ' God Manifest '; c. 215 BC – 164 BC ) ruled the Seleucid Empire from 175 BC until his death in 164 BC.

Laodice (; lived in the 3rd century BC ), wife of her cousin Seleucus II Callinicus, was, according to the express statement of Polybius, she was the daughter of Andromachus and sister of Seleucid General Achaeus.

Molon ( or ) or Molo (; ; died 220 BC ) was a general and satrap of the Seleucid king Antiochus the Great ( 223 – 187 BC ).

Xenoetas (; ; killed in 221 BC ) was an Achaean in the service of the Seleucid king Antiochus the Great ; he was despatched by his chief minister Hermeias in command of an army against the rebel satrap of Media, Molon, in 221 BC.

The visions describe the national crisis that occurred under Antiochus IV Epiphanes, a Seleucid king who attempted to introduce Hellenistic religious practices, including the worship of idols, into the temple and the Jewish religion more generally, sparking outrage from Biblical authors.

Much of the eastern part of the empire was conquered by the Parthians under Mithridates I of Parthia in the mid-2nd century BC, yet the Seleucid kings continued to rule a rump state from Syria until the invasion by Armenian king Tigranes the Great and their ultimate overthrow by the Roman general Pompey.

At the battles of Thermopylae and Magnesia, Antiochus's forces were resoundingly defeated and he was compelled to make peace and sign the Treaty of Apamea in ( 188 BC ), the main clause of which saw the Seleucids agree to pay a large indemnity, retreat from Anatolia and to never again attempt to expand Seleucid territory west of the Taurus Mountains.

The Seleucid empire's geographic span, from the Aegean Sea to what is now Afghanistan and Pakistan, created a melting pot of various peoples, such as Greeks, Armenians, Persians, Medes, Assyrians, and Jews.

The Seleucid dynasty or the Seleucidae ( from, ) was a Greek Macedonian royal family, founded by Seleucus I Nicator (" the Victor "), which ruled the Seleucid Kingdom centered in the Near East and regions of the Asian part of the earlier Achaemenid Persian Empire during the Hellenistic period.

** Seleucus II Callinicus, king of the Seleucid kingdom from 246 BC

** Seleucus III, king of the Seleucid dynasty from 226 BC ( assassinated )

From around 304 BC the area formed part of the Seleucid Empire, and from around 250 BC it was the centre of a Greco-Bactrian kingdom, ruled by the descendants of Greeks who had settled there following the conquest of Alexander the Great.

In respect of time they fall in two distinct groups: one from the First Babylonian Dynasty period ( 1830-1531 BC ), the other mainly Seleucid from the last three or four centuries BC.

* 164 BC – Cleopatra Thea Euergetis (" Benefactress "), ruler of the Seleucid kingdom from 125 BC, a daughter of Ptolemy VI of Egypt and his sister / wife Cleopatra II ( d. 121 BC ) ( approximate date )

** Demetrius II Nicator, king of the Seleucid Empire from 145 BC and 129 BC ( d. 125 BC )

** Mattathias, father of Judas Maccabaeus, Jewish priest from Modi ' in, near Jerusalem, who has started and briefly led a rebellion by the Jews in Judea against the Seleucid kingdom of Syria

** Antiochus V Eupator, ruler of the Seleucid Empire, who has reigned from 164 BC ( b. c. 173 BC )

** Timarchus, Seleucid nobleman, possibly from Miletus in Anatolia, appointed governor of Media in western Iran by the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes and who has rebelled against his successor, Demetrius I Soter, until he is killed in a battle with Demetrius ' forces

* 173 BC – Antiochus V Eupator, ruler of the Seleucid Empire from 164 BC ( d. 162 BC )

* 175 BC – Seleucus IV Philopator, king of the Seleucid dynasty, who has ruled from 187 BC ( b. c. 217 BC )

* 187 BC – Antiochus III the Great, Seleucid king of the Hellenistic Syrian Empire from 223 BC, who has rebuilt the empire in the East but failed in his attempt to challenge Roman ascendancy in Greece and Anatolia ( b. c. 241 BC )

* The Seleucid Empire comes to an end with the last two Emperors being murdered on orders from Rome.

Hellenistic cultural and artistic influences appear in many of the forms and human depictions ( from amorini to rings with the depiction of Athena and her name inscribed in Greek ), attributable to the existence of the Seleucid empire and Greco-Bactrian kingdom in the same area until around 140 BC, and the continued existence of the Indo-Greek kingdom in the northwestern Indian sub-continent until the beginning of our era.