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Septuagint and version
Most of the quotations ( 300 of 400 ) of the Old Testament in the New Testament, while differing more or less from the version presented by the Masoretic text, align with that of the Septuagint.
There are three main versions of the Book of Daniel: the twelve-chapter version preserved in the Masoretic text and two longer Greek versions ( the original Septuagint version, c. 100 BCE, and the later Theodotion version, c. 2nd century CE ).
Theodotion's translation is much closer to the Masoretic text and became so popular that it replaced the original Septuagint version of Daniel, in all but two manuscripts of the Septuagint itself.
The Septuagint version appears to agree more with the Qumran fragments rather than the Hebrew / Aramaic Masoretic text reflected in modern translations.
This discovery has shed much light on the differences between the two versions ; while it was previously maintained that the Greek Septuagint ( the version used by the earliest Christians ) was only a poor translation, professor Emanuel Tov, senior editor of the Dead Sea Scrolls ' publication, wrote that the Masoretic edition either represents a substantial rewriting of the original Hebrew, or there had previously been two different versions of the text.
Most scholars hold that the Hebrew text underlying the Septuagint version is older than the Masoretic text and that either the Masoretic evolved either from this vorlage or from a closely related version.
The Septuagint ( Greek or ' LXX ') version of this book is, in its arrangement and in other particulars, different from the Masoretic Hebrew.
The Septuagint version of Esther translates the name Ahasuerus as Artaxerxes, a Greek name derived from the Persian Artakhshatra.
By the time Esther was written, the foreign power visible on the horizon as a future threat to Judah was the Macedonians of Alexander the Great, who defeated the Persian empire about 150 years after the time of the story of Esther ; the Septuagint version noticeably calls Haman a " bully " ( βουγαῖον ) where the Hebrew text describes him as an Agagite.
The canonicity of these Greek additions has been a subject of scholarly disagreement practically since their first appearance in the Septuagint –- Martin Luther, being perhaps the most vocal Reformation-era critic of the work, considered even the original Hebrew version to be of very doubtful value.
The Eastern Orthodox Church uses the Septuagint version of Esther, as it does for all of the Old Testament.
In the Septuagint version of the Hebrew Bible, the word Christ was used to translate into Greek the Hebrew mashiach ( messiah ), meaning " anointed.
In 1850 appeared his edition of the Codex Amiatinus ( in 1854 corrected ) and of the Septuagint version of the Old Testament ( 7th ed., 1887 ); in 1852, amongst other works, his edition of the Codex Claromontanus.
In the canonical debate between Catholics and Protestants controversy remains as to the significance of Trent's omission of the Septuagint version of 1 Esdras which Carthage may have ratified.
describes a plurality of gods ( ʼelōhim ), which an older version in the Septuagint calls the “ assembly of the gods ,” although it does not indicate that these gods were co-actors in creation.
American theologian Edgar Goodspeed notes, " But the writer's Judaism is not actual and objective, but literary and academic, manifestly gained from the reading of the Septuagint Greek version of the Jewish scriptures, and his polished Greek style would be a strange vehicle for a message to Aramaic-speaking Jews or Christians of Jewish blood.
* Genesis in Hebrew, Aramaic, Syriac, Greek, Latin, and English – The critical text of the Book of Genesis in Hebrew with ancient versions ( Masoretic, Samaritan Pentateuch, Samaritan Targum, Targum Onkelos, Peshitta, Septuagint, Vetus Latina, Vulgate, Aquila, Symmachus, and Theodotion ) and English translation for each version in parallel.
The Septuagint, the Greek version of the Hebrew Bible, influenced Longinus, who may have been the author of the great book of literary criticism, On the Sublime, although the true author is still unknown for certain.
The Greek Septuagint version of the Old Testament renders all thirty-nine instances of the Hebrew word for " anointed " () as Χριστός ( Khristós ).
Also, the Septuagint version of some Biblical books, like Daniel and Esther, are longer than those in the Jewish canon.

Septuagint and Jeremiah
By contrast, evidence based on the textual differences between the Septuagint and the Masoretic Text has been used to argue that the context of the MT truly does depict a historical Jeremiah.
According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, " a comparison of the Masoretic text with the Septuagint throws some light on the last phase in the history of the origin of the Book of Jeremiah, inasmuch as the translation into Greek was already under way before the work on the Hebrew book had come to an end ...
* Sir Lancelot C. L. Brenton's 1851 English translation of Septuagint Jeremiah
* Baruch, including the Letter of Jeremiah ( Additions to Jeremiah in the Septuagint )
Other books ; Baruch, Letter of Jeremiah, Wisdom, Ecclesiasticus, 1 and 2 Maccabees are variously found in Vulgate manuscripts with texts derived from the Old Latin ; sometimes together with Latin versions of other texts found neither in the Hebrew Bible, nor in the Septuagint, 4 Esdras, the Prayer of Manasses and Laodiceans.
so evidence that Baruch was read in Jewish synagogues on certain festivals during the early centuries of the Christian era ( Thackeray, 107-11 )," i. e. Henry St. John Thackeray, The Septuagint and Jewish Worship, 1923 .</ ref > It is grouped with the prophetical books which also include Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel, and the twelve minor prophets.
In the Vulgate, the King James Bible, and many other versions, the Letter of Jeremiah is appended to the end of the Book of Baruch as a sixth chapter ; in the Septuagint it is usually counted as a separate book.
They may also note that in the Septuagint version of Jeremiah 38: 13, when Jeremiah is lifted out of the pit where he was left to die, this Greek verb is used for the action which his rescuers performed after he voluntarily secured the ropes under his armpits, and that this rescue was certainly performed in cooperation with Jeremiah's wishes.

Septuagint and also
But the Septuagint ( the Greek translation of the Old Testament ) adds that " pigs " also licked his blood.
In addition to being married to Jochebed, Amram is also described in the Bible as having been related to Jochebed prior to the marriage, although the exact relationship is uncertain ; some Greek and Latin manuscripts of the Septuagint state that Jochebed was Amram's father's cousin, and others state that Amram was Jochebed's cousin, but the Masoretic text states that he was Jochebed's nephew.
Hezekiah (;, Ezekias, in the Septuagint ; ; also transliterated as Ḥizkiyyahu or Ḥizkiyyah ) was the son of Ahaz and the 14th king of Judah.
He also updated the Psalter containing the Book of Psalms then at use in Rome based on the Septuagint.
Jacob (;, ; Septuagint ; ; " heel " or " leg-puller "), also later known as Israel (,,, " persevere with God "; Septuagint ; ), as described in the Hebrew Bible, the Talmud, the New Testament and the Qur ' an was the third patriarch of the Hebrew people with whom God made a covenant, and ancestor of the tribes of Israel, which were named after his descendants.
Justinian also interfered in the internal affairs of the synagogue., and he encouraged the Jews to use the Greek Septuagint in their synagogues in Constantinople.
The Septuagint is also useful for elucidating pre-Masoretic Hebrew: many proper nouns are spelled out with Greek vowels in the LXX, while contemporary Hebrew texts lacked vowel pointing.
" The Translator's Preface to the New International Version says: " The translators also consulted the more important early versions ( including ) the Septuagint ...
After the completion of the temple, Solomon is described as erecting many other buildings of importance in Jerusalem ; for the long period of 13 years he was engaged in the building of a royal palace on Ophel ( a hilly promontory in central Jerusalem ); Solomon also constructed great works for the purpose of securing a plentiful supply of water for the city, and the Millo ( Septuagint, Acra ) for the defense of the city.
Tertullian, " On Monogamy " ch. vi quotes a brief phrase —" follow the better things "— from 3 John 1. 11 " Beloved, imitate not that which is evil, but that which is good ", a phrase that might also have been adapted from the Septuagint Psalm xxxvi.
He also appears to have undertaken further new translations into Latin from the Hexaplar Septuagint column for other books.
The Vatican Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments ' direction that the word " Lord " be used instead of Yahweh in English-language worship, and that the local equivalent to the Latin dominus ( Lord, Master ) be used in all vernacular worship, was based on the understanding that Jews at the time of Christ ( compare the Septuagint use of kurios, Greek for " Lord ") and also early Christians substituted other words rather than pronounce the name.
Alexandria's centre of learning also produced the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, the Septuagint.
The King James Bible ( KJV ) reports the giant Goliath as " six cubits and a span " in height — over nine feet tall, ( over 2. 75 m ) ( 1 Samuel 17: 4 KJV ), but the Septuagint, a Greek Bible, also gives Goliath's height as " four cubits and a span " (~ 2. 00 m ).
The MT is also widely used as the basis for translations of the Old Testament in Protestant Bibles, and in recent years ( since 1943 ) also for some Catholic Bibles, although the Eastern Orthodox continue to use the Septuagint, as they hold it to be divinely inspired.
Though the consonants differ little from the text generally accepted in the early 2nd century ( and also differ little from some Qumran texts that are even older ), it has numerous differences of both greater and lesser significance when compared to ( extant 4th century ) manuscripts of the Septuagint, a Greek translation ( made in the 3rd to 2nd centuries BCE ) of the Hebrew Scriptures that was in popular use in Egypt and Israel and that is believed by scholars to be the source often quoted in the New Testament.
* In the Torah, it is also the name of a gem-stone associated with the Tribe of Asher that has been identified by the Septuagint and by Josephus as the " gold stone " χρυσόλιθος ( whose identification remains in dispute, possibly topaz, probably not modern chrysolite ), and later as aquamarine.
Eusebius of Caesarea wrote that the " Greek translation the Bible also differs from the Hebrew, though not so much from the Samaritan " and noted that the Septuagint agrees with the Samaritan Pentateuch in the number of years elapsed from Noah's Flood to Abraham.
In this investigation he became a pioneer, and many of his disciples followed him with similar investigations, not only of the Septuagint, but also of the Vulgate and of the Peshitta.
It contains references that fit those cited in the Biblical texts, both the reference about the sun and moon found in Joshua and also the reference in 2 Samuel ( in the Hebrew but not in the Septuagint ) to teaching the Sons of Judah to fight with the bow.
Following the Septuagint, the Latin Vulgate, Martin Luther and the King James Bible also give readings such as Young's Literal Translation: ' And Aaron hath given lots over the two goats, one lot for Jehovah, and one lot for a goat of departure ;'
To the same motive underlying his antagonism to the Apocrypha, namely, the desire to disarm Christians — especially Jewish Christians — who drew their " proofs " from the Apocrypha, must also be attributed his wish to emancipate the Jews of the Dispersion from the domination of the Septuagint, the errors and inaccuracies in which frequently distorted the true meaning of Scripture, and were even used as arguments against the Jews by the Christians.

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