Although Arab Muslim intellectual life was still centered in Baghdad, Shi ' a Islam, predominated in the Samanid areas at this time.

85 % of Kuwait's population is Muslim ( Sunni 70 %, Shi ' a 30 %) and the rest belong to other religions ( includes Christian, Hindu, Parsi ).

Drafted by a treaty and a bill of sale, and constituted between 1820 and 1858, the Princely State of Kashmir and Jammu ( as it was first called ) combined disparate regions, religions, and ethnicities: to the east, Ladakh was ethnically and culturally Tibetan and its inhabitants practised Buddhism ; to the south, Jammu had a mixed population of Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs ; in the heavily populated central Kashmir valley, the population was overwhelmingly Sunni Muslim, however, there was also a small but influential Hindu minority, the Kashmiri brahmins or pandits ; to the northeast, sparsely populated Baltistan had a population ethnically related to Ladakh, but which practised Shi ' a Islam ; to the north, also sparsely populated, Gilgit Agency, was an area of diverse, mostly Shi ' a groups ; and, to the west, Punch was Muslim, but of different ethnicity than the Kashmir valley.

Consequently, the demographics of Lebanon were profoundly altered, as the territory added contained people who were predominantly Muslim or Druze: Lebanese Christians, of which the Maronites were the largest subgrouping, now constituted barely more than 50 % of the population, while Sunni Muslims in Lebanon saw their numbers increase eightfold, Shi ' ite Muslims fourfold.

* The Speaker of the Parliament, a Shi ' a Muslim, and

This might be from one to another denomination within the same religion, for example, Christian Baptist to Methodist or Catholic, Muslim Shi ' a to Sunni.

Some ghulat Shi ' a Muslim sects also regard their founders as in some special sense divine incarnations ( hulul ).

" The equivalent Arabic term is tanasukh: the belief is found among Shi ' a ghulat Muslim sects.

Syria's population is 71 % Sunni Muslim ( includes most Arabs and Kurds, and 16 % other Muslim groups ( including 11. 0 % Alawi, Shi ' a Muslims ( 1. 1 % Imami / Twelvers and 1. 0 % Ismailis / Seveners ), 3. 2 % Druze, 1. 3 % Nusairism, 0. 7 Alevism ( all Turkomans ), Yezidism 0. 2 %) and 10 % Christian, with a Syrian Jewish community of a few dozen.

The nation is 88 % Muslim ( mostly Sunni, with a 5 % Shi ' a minority ), 9 % Eastern Orthodox and 3 % other faiths ( which include small communities of Korean Christians, other Christian denominations, Buddhists, Baha ' is, and more ).

Around 1058, a revolt on the island of Bahrain led by two Shi ' a members of the Abd al-Qays tribe, Abul-Bahlul al -' Awwam and Abu ' l-Walid Muslim, precipitated the waning of Qarmatian power and eventually the ascendancy to power of the Uyunids, an Arab dynasty belonging to the Abdul Qays tribe.

* Sipah-e-Muhammad Pakistan, a Shi ' a Muslim militant organization

The Fatimid Islamic Caliphate or al-Fāṭimiyyūn ( Arabic الفاطميون ) was a Isma ' ili Shi ' a Muslim caliphate that spanned a vast area of the Arab World, from the Red Sea in the east to the Atlantic Ocean in the west.

But Iran, which is Shi ' a Muslim, has a more complex scheme.

Muslims claim that it is the tomb of a Shi ' ite Muslim, Sheikh Abbad, considered a founder of the Shi ' ite movement in Lebanon who lived around 500 years ago.

The leaders included monarchist Sharif Ali bin al-Hussein that called for the return of a Constitutional Monarchy for Iraq, moderate Shi ' ite Muslim cleric Muhammad Bahr al-Ulum ; ex-Iraqi general Hasan Naqib ; and Masud Barzani.

Its political support comes from the country's Shi ' a Muslim community.

Whereas Shi ' a Muslim outright reject ijtihad and do not imitate a mujtahid who practice ijtihad.

The Shi ' a school of thought believe that Muhammad had clearly indicated that Ali was his appointed infallible ruler of Muslim nation regardless of shura, a recommendation that was ignored by the first three caliphs.

" Hezbollah, along with the Amal Movement, represents most of Lebanese Shi ' a.

Amal and Hezbollah are the main rivals for the organized Shi ' a vote, and the PSP ( Progressive Socialist Party ) is the leading Druze party.

Here he joined the Amal Movement, a Lebanese Shi ' a political group.

He heads the Shi ' a Amal Movement.

He held a series of positions in the Amal movement during the late 1970s, after Imam Musa al-Sadr, a Shi ' a cleric, disappeared under mysterious circumstances while on a trip to Libya in 1978, and is thought to have been killed on the orders of Muammar al-Gaddafi.

The movement remained active during the Lebanese Civil War, and again joined Syria, the Lebanese Shi ' a Amal Movement and Abu Musa's Fatah al-Intifada in attacks on the PLO during the War of the Camps in 1984-85, and for the remainder of the Civil War ( which lasted until 1990 ).

Amal became one of the most important Shi ' a Muslim militias during the Lebanese Civil War.

After the War of the Camps, Amal fought a bloody battle against rival Shi ' a group Hezbollah for control of Beirut, which provoked Syrian military intervention.

In addition to Syrian backing, Amal received some financial support from Libya and Iran – first by the Shah in 1975-78, replaced after 1979 by the new Islamic regime – and from the Lebanese Shi ’ ite immigrant community in West Africa ; additional revenues were levied in illegal ports such as Ouzai in Beirut, along with Zahrani, whose harbour and the adjacent Tapline oil refinery were employed in the contraband of fuel, and Sarafand ( used for smuggling imported cars and other goods ), both located south of Sidon.

" This was a major incentive among the impoverished Shi ' a community, and induced " a sizable number of Amal fighters defected regularly to the ranks " of Islamic Amal, and later Hizb ' Allah.

* Augustus R. Norton, Amal and the Shi ' a: Struggle for the Soul of Lebanon, Austin and London: University of Texas Press, 1987.

The War of the Camps ( Arabic: حرب المخيمات |) was a subconflict within the 1984 – 89 phase of the Lebanese Civil War, in which Palestinian refugee camps were besieged by the Shi ' ite Amal militia.

In 1987, together with the Druze Progressive Socialist Party, the LCP fought a week-long battle with the Shi ' a militants of the Amal in West Beirut, a conflict that was stopped by Syrian troops.

Through 1993, Hekmatyar's Hezb-i-Islami forces, allied with the Shi ' a Hezb-i-Wahdat militia, clashed intermittently with Rabbani and Massoud's Jamiat forces.

* Hezbollah of Lebanon, a Shi ' a political party and militia which played a major role in getting Israel out of Lebanon, officially listed as a terrorist organization by Israel, U. S., UK, the Netherlands, Australia and Canada

Large swaths of Baghdad became no-go zones for large segments of the population because they were either Shi ' a or Sunni militia territory.

The Ministry of Interior spokesperson said that there are reports that the remaining hostages were to have been transported to Sadr City, a Shi ' ite militia stronghold in eastern Iraq.

He was appointed to the position of Defender Commandant, and ordered to raise a militia of several hundred to fight Shi Bing, an ally of the rebel, Zhang Chang, who sought to overthrow the Western Jin.

A cycle of violence thus ensued whereby Sunni insurgent or nationalist attacks followed with government and American backed reprisals-often in the form of Shi ' ite death squads that sought out and killed Sunnis.

The imperial court later sought refuge in Lantau Island's Mui Wo, where Emperor Zhao Shi eventually died ; he was succeeded by his younger sibling, Zhao Bing, who was seven.

Later in his life, Qin Shi Huang feared death and desperately sought the fabled elixir of life, which would supposedly allow him to live forever.

Director Chen Kaige sought to question whether Qin Shi Huang's motives were meritorious.

The Qin emperor Qin Shi Huang is said to have sought immortality on an island in the Haigang district, but did not find it.

The Huaguo in northern Henan was destroyed by Qin Shi Huang, and the Hua tribe sought refuge in Shanxi.

When he grew somewhat older, Bing heard that Consort Shi's mother Zhenjun ( 貞君 ) and brother Shi Gong ( 史恭 ) survived the incident, and so sought them out and had Bingyi delivered to the Shi residence.

Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr, for example, a more junior member of the hawza during Hakim's time, sought a series of reforms to the hawza to make it more politically palatable and appealing to the Shi ' i masses who were proving susceptible to Communism.

Sadr therefore tried to unify and centralize the hawza, placing more power in the hands of the senior scholar, and sought to make its materials more accessible and understandable to the lay community, filled as it was with arcane and obscure language, often on minutiae of no interest to the broader Shi ' i masses.

Shi Zhi sought aid from Former Yan's prince Murong Jun and was able to deal Ran a major defeat.

As ruler of the Shi ' ar Empire, she contended with the Starjammers and Excalibur, and sought to capture Phoenix, but was nearly killed by Lilandra in combat.

Kasravi's criticism of the mechanical, superstitious, ahistorical and dogmatic nature of Shi ' ism, as it was practised in his day, left an undeniable mark on the Muslims who sought to modernize their religion.