Tolkien's concept of hobbits, in turn, seems to have been inspired by Edward Wyke Smith's 1927 children's book The Marvellous Land of Snergs, and by Sinclair Lewis's 1922 novel Babbitt.

" Tolkien wrote to W. H. Auden that The Marvellous Land of Snergs " was probably an unconscious source-book for the Hobbits " and he told an interviewer that the word hobbit " might have been associated with Sinclair Lewis's Babbitt " ( like hobbits, George Babbitt enjoys the comforts of his home ).

While Jackson considers the theatrical releases of those three films to be a final " director's cut " within the constraints of theatrical exhibition, the extended cuts were produced so that fans of the material could see nearly all of the scenes shot for the script to develop more of J. R. R. Tolkien's world, but which were originally cut for running time, or other reasons.

Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Lewis's Out of the Silent Planet, and Williams's All Hallows ' Eve were among the novels first read to the Inklings.

Before the definition of the genre of fantasy, many works that would now be classified as fantasy were termed " fairy tales ", including Tolkien's The Hobbit, George Orwell's Animal Farm, and L. Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.

When Christopher Tolkien needed an assistant to edit his father J. R. R. Tolkien's unpublished work, he chose Kay, then a student at the University of Manitoba, whose parents were friends of Baillie Tolkien's parents.

In Tolkien's works, the Dwarves ( in the form of seven patriarchs ) were created during the Years of the Trees ( also known as the Ages of Darkness ), when all of Middle-earth was controlled by the forces of Melkor.

In the earliest versions of Tolkien's mythology ( see: The History of Middle-earth ), the First Kindred of the Eldar were called the Teleri, while the Third Kindred, the elves known as Teleri in the published version of The Silmarillion, were called Solosimpi (' shoreland pipers ').

In the early versions of Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium ( see: The History of Middle-earth ), the Noldor were most often called Noldoli or Gnome.

Their worth, in Tolkien's universe, was close to infinite, even to the Valar, as they were unique and irreplaceable.

In the early versions of Tolkien's mythology ( see: The History of Middle-earth ), they were known as Solosimpi (" Pipers of the Shores "), while the name Teleri was given to the clan of Elves known in the published version of The Silmarillion as Vanyar.

Before the arising of the Sun they were approximately one thousand Valian Years in length ( the exact length of a Valian Year varied in different drafts of Tolkien's texts from close to 10 " Sun "- years in most versions to precisely 144 " Sun "- years in his final estimation ).

After Húrin's deed, the caves were probably completely abandoned, as they fall out of recorded history in Tolkien's fiction, but they were certainly drowned and lost along with the rest of Beleriand at the end of the First Age.

A species of Elachista moths, Elachista gildorella, has been named after Gildor Inglorion by Finnish entomologist Lauri Kaila along with a number of other species that were given names inspired by Tolkien's characters.

In Tolkien's books, it was mostly populated by men, but hobbit servants worked at the Prancing Pony Inn and special hobbit-sized rooms were available there ; there were also some hobbit homes on the hill.

As Tolkien's works were conceived as a fictional " forgotten history " of the world, the Dagor Dagorath represents the coming End of the World, and is often referred to as simply " The End ".

In J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium, the House of Bëor ( pronounced ) were the family of Men who ruled over the eldest of the Three Houses of the Edain that had allied with the Elves in the First Age.

Several of the Westron forms given above were not published in Tolkien's lifetime.

Tolkien's Orc origin ideas were published posthumously in The Silmarillion, with other versions of events appearing later in The History of Middle Earth.

This usage started among computer programmers who were familiar with Tolkien's writings.

Early works by Abigor were loosely inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings.

The big man with the whitened hair murmured something: his words sounded as if they were in the Manu tongue, which I recognized, having studied the dialect in my Anthropology 6, class at the University of Chicago.

His words were mostly to himself.

These were the last words he ever uttered.

He spoke no German but he could sing it and the words of the song were the only ones he knew in a foreign language.

His words were the more ungracious to come from a man who lent his name to the Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships dedicated to the same goal of international understanding.

But the words were forming.

She held Jonathan's letter, his words burning like a brand, and knew suddenly that the bonds between them were severed.

The interviewers were instructed not to suggest answers and, as much as possible, to record the parents' actual words as they described the child's behavior in home situations.

The content of his words may lapse back into monotonous repetition, as if a phonograph needle were stuck in one groove ; ;

One hebephrenic women confided to me, `` I live in a world of words '', as if, to her, words were fully concrete objects ; ;

Dominant stress is of course more than extended duration, and normally centers on syllables that would have primary stress or phrase stress if the words or longer units they are parts of were spoken alone: a dominant stress given to glorify would normally center on its first syllable rather than its last.

New Yorkers were kept informed of scores by reporters who telegraphed fifteen to twenty thousand words daily to the metropolitan newspapers.

In a general way, psychiatrists were able to establish on a wide basis what many of them had always felt -- that the most telling cues in psychotherapy are acoustic, that such things as stress and nagging are transmitted by sound alone and not necessarily by words.

There were no words to say this but there was no need.

The words were hollow.

-- those were His very first creative words -- He began the world with light -- this God still gives light to a world which man has plunged into darkness.

in other words, they were actually an organization of magicians.

Nevertheless, Blair and others were impressed by his use of words.

These glyphs were used as pronunciation guides for logograms, to write grammatical inflections, and, later, to transcribe loan words and foreign names.

In German, words starting with sch-( constituting the German phoneme ) would be intercalated between words with initial sca-and sci-( all incidentally loanwords ) instead of this graphic cluster appearing after the letter s, as though it were a single letter — a lexicographical policy which would be de rigueur in a dictionary of Albanian, i. e. dh -, ë -, gj -, ll -, rr -, th -, xh-and zh-( all representing phonemes and considered separate single letters ) would follow the letters d, e, g, l, n, r, t, x and z respectively.

German words with umlaut would further be alphabetized as if there were no umlaut at all — contrary to Turkish which allegedly adopted the German graphemes ö and ü, and where a word like tüfek, " gun ", would come after tuz, " salt ", in the dictionary.

In Cyrillic originally the letters were given names based on Slavic words ; this was later abandoned as well in favor of a system similar to that used in Latin.

Anti-Altaicists Gerard Clauson ( 1956 ), Gerhard Doerfer ( 1963 ), and Alexander Shcherbak argued that the words and features shared by Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic were for the most part borrowings and that the rest could be attributed to chance resemblances.