Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (; May 21, 1921 – December 14, 1989 ) was a Soviet nuclear physicist, dissident and human rights activist.

These equations of state were also previously published by the Soviet physicist Yakov Frenkel in 1928, together with some other remarks on the physics of degenerate matter.

This value was also computed in 1932 by the Soviet physicist Lev Davidovich Landau, who, however, did not apply it to white dwarfs.

A quantitative chain chemical reaction theory was created by Soviet physicist Nikolay Semyonov in 1934.

The Soviet ( later, Russian ) team proposed the name nielsbohrium ( Ns ) in honor of the Danish nuclear physicist Niels Bohr.

Attempting to resolve the issue, in 1994, the IUPAC proposed the name joliotium ( Jl ), after the French physicist Frédéric Joliot-Curie, which was originally proposed by Soviet team for element 102, later named nobelium.

* 1922 – Nikolay Basov, Soviet physicist, Nobel laureate ( d. 2001 )

* 1908 – Lev Davidovich Landau, Soviet physicist, Nobel laureate ( d. 1968 )

However, later archival work by the Soviet physicist German Goncharov has suggested that while Fuchs ' early work ( most of which is still classified in the United States, but copies of which were available to the Soviets ) did not aid the Soviets in their effort towards the hydrogen bomb, it was actually far closer to the final correct solution than was recognized at the time, and indeed spurred Soviet research into useful problems which eventually resulted in the correct answer.

* 1891 – Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov, Soviet physicist ( d. 1951 )

* 1880 – Abram Ioffe, Soviet physicist ( d. 1960 )

** 114. flerovium, Fl, named after Soviet physicist Georgy Flyorov, founder of the JINR ( 1999 ).

* July 1 – Nikolay Basov, Soviet physicist, Nobel Prize laureate ( b. 1922 )

* August 23 – Lev Zeleny, Soviet and Russian physicist

* January 12 – Igor Kurchatov, Soviet physicist ( d. 1960 )

** Vladimir Fock, Soviet physicist ( b. 1898 )

* February 7 – Igor Kurchatov, Soviet physicist ( b. 1903 )

* May 21 – Andrei Sakharov, Soviet physicist and human rights activist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize ( declined ) ( died 1989 )

Despite its promise of nuclear safety, SDI was described by many of its critics ( including Soviet nuclear physicist and later peace activist Andrei Sakharov ) as being even more dangerous than MAD because of these political implications.

Soviet physicist Sergey Vernov was the first to use radiosondes to perform cosmic ray readings with an instrument carried to high altitude by a balloon.

Academician Mikhail Alexeyevich Lavrentyev, a physicist and mathematician, the first Chairman of the Siberian Division of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, played a prominent role in establishing Akademgorodok.

Vladimir Andreevich Steklov (; 9 January 1864 – 30 May 1926 ) was a Soviet / Russian mathematician, mechanician and physicist.

According to the vice-director of JINR, the Dubna team chose to name element 114 flerovium ( symbol Fl ), after the founder of the Russian institute, Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, the Soviet physicist Georgy Flyorov ( also spelled Flerov ).

By 1927, Pasternak's close friends Vladimir Mayakovsky and Nikolai Aseyev were advocating the complete subordination of the Arts to the needs of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

* Sivachev, Nikolai and Nikolai Yakolev, Russia and the United States ( 1979 ), by Soviet historians

Nikolai Leonov, the KGB chief in Mexico City, was one of the first Soviet officials to recognize Fidel Castro's potential as a revolutionary, and urged the Soviet Union to strengthen ties with the new Cuban leader.

The Central Committee had not played a notable role in Soviet politics since Nikolai Bukharin's downfall in 1929.

Nikolai Tikhonov, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers, was succeeded by Nikolai Ryzhkov, and Vasili Kuznetsov, the acting Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, was succeeded by Andrei Gromyko, the former Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Nikolai Tikhonov, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers, was succeeded by Nikolai Ryzhkov, and Vasili Kuznetsov, the acting Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, was succeeded by Andrei Gromyko, the former Minister of Foreign Affairs.

* 1940 – Nikolai Yezhov, Soviet secret police official ( b. 1895 )

* 1903 – Nikolai Podgorny, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet ( d. 1983 )

In a different sense, it was also used by the Soviet linguist Nikolai Marr in his Japhetic theory.

* Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov ( 1904 – 1974 ), an Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union

* Nikolai Dmitriyevich Kuznetsov ( 1911 – 1995 ), a prominent Soviet aerospace engineer and the chief of the Kuznetsov Design Bureau

* 2233 Kuznetsov, an asteroid named for Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov ( 1911 – 1944 ), a Russian partisan fighter of World War II, and a Hero of the Soviet Union.

Left Communists, led by Nikolai Bukharin, continued to believe that there could be no peace between a Soviet republic and a capitalist country and that only a revolutionary war leading to a pan-European Soviet republic would bring a durable peace.

Under Nikolai Yezhov, the NKVD carried out the Great Purge: the imprisonment or execution of millions of people throughout the Soviet Union as alleged " enemies of the people ".

The East German uprising convinced Molotov, Malenkov, and Nikolai Bulganin that Beria's policies were dangerous and destabilizing to Soviet power.

* 1976 – Nikolai Semashko, Soviet sports administrator ( b. 1907 )

A minor planet 2859 Paganini discovered in 1978 by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Chernykh is named after him.

Nikolai Alexandrovich Tikhonov, appointed by Brezhnev as first deputy chairman of the Soviet Union's Council of Ministers, graduated from the Dnipropetrovsk College of Metallurgy, and presided over the economic council of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast.

Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (; – 15 March 1938 ) was a Russian Marxist, Bolshevik revolutionary, and Soviet politician.

Nikolai Bukharin was a gifted cartoonist who left many cartoons on contemporary Soviet politicians.