The visiting crew swapped craft with the resident crew, and tested the Soyuz 29's engines on 2 September.

In 1911 he participated in the second exhibition of the group Soyuz Molodyozhi ( Union of Youth ) in St. Petersburg, together with Vladimir Tatlin and, in 1912, the group held its third exhibition, which included works by Aleksandra Ekster, Tatlin and others.

** The Soviet manned space mission Soyuz 18a ends in failure during its ascent into orbit when a critical malfunction occurs in the second and third stages of the booster rocket during staging, resulting with the cosmonauts and their Soyuz spacecraft having to be ripped free from the vehicle.

The civilian stations Salyut 6 and Salyut 7 were built with two docking ports, which allowed a second crew to visit, bringing a new spacecraft with them ; the Soyuz ferry could spend 90 days in space, after which point it needed to be replaced by a fresh Soyuz spacecraft.

As a result of the problems with the craft, the second Soyuz module which was to have carried cosmonauts to perform an extra-vehicular activity ( EVA ) to the Soyuz 1 was not launched and the mission was cut short.

While Skylab already featured a second docking port, it were these two Salyut stations that would become the first that actually utilized two docking ports: This made it possible for two Soyuz spacecraft to dock at the same time for crew exchange of the station and for Progress spacecraft to resupply the station, allowing for the first time a continuos (" permanent ") occupation of space stations.

Mission planners intended to launch a second Soyuz flight the next day carrying cosmonauts Valery Bykovsky, Yevgeny Khrunov, and Aleksei Yeliseyev, with Khrunov and Yeliseyev scheduled to do an EVA over to Soyuz 1.

The name " Soyuz 2 " also appears in other contexts, a ) the second Soyuz flight to dock with the International Space Station b ) as a proposed successor to the Soyuz launch vehicle, later renamed Soyuz / ST.

This was the second launch of a Soyuz at the Guiana Space Centre.

The second series of test spacecraft being a precursor to manned circumlunar loop flights used a stripped-down variant of Soyuz spacecraft, consisting of the service and descent modules, but lacking the orbital module.

Soyuz 18 (, Union 18 ) was a 1975 Soviet manned mission to Salyut 4, the second and final crew to man the space station.

Svetlana Yevgenyevna Savitskaya (; born August 8, 1948 ) is a former Soviet female aviator and cosmonaut who flew aboard Soyuz T-7 in 1982, becoming the second woman in space some 19 years after Valentina Tereshkova.

The maned spacecraft Soyuz 1 was launched with the expectation of " union " with the manned Soyuz 2 craft, but even before the second craft was launched, it became apparent that the Soyuz 2 mission had to be canceled before the landing of Soyuz 1 – this saved the lives of the crew of Soyuz 2.

Volkov, on his second space mission in 1971, was assigned to Soyuz 11.

After three relatively placid weeks in orbit, however, Soyuz 11 became the second Soviet space flight to terminate fatally, after Soyuz 1.

Originally the Soyuz missions to the ISS were all planned to be only taxi mission to deliver a new Soyuz spacecraft as the station's lifeboat every six month with a visiting crew, but not for crew exchange.

Until the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster the same was planned for Soyuz TMA-2, a visiting crew consisting of commander Gennady Padalka and ESA-astronaut Pedro Duque were to spend about one week at the station and then return with the previous Soyuz TMA-1 spacecraft.

In orbit the station suffered a number of technical failures though it benefited from the improved payload capacity of the visiting Progress and Soyuz craft and the experience of its crews who improvised many solutions ( such as a fuel line rupture in September 1983 requiring EVAs by the Soyuz T-10 to repair ).

She and her crewmates also performed a ' fly around ' of the Russian Soyuz spacecraft and welcomed the visiting Soyuz crew that included the first space tourist, Dennis Tito.

The two men settled down to a long program of scientific experiments and observations, and played host to the visiting Soyuz TM-5 and TM-6 missions.

The lower port ( nadir ) was initially used by visiting Soyuz spacecraft and Progress spacecraft to dock to the ROS ; The Rassvet module is now docked semipermanently on the nadir port of Zarya, and visiting spacecraft use Rassvets nadir docking port instead.

Because of the failure of a visiting crew to successfully dock and the resultant decision to send an unmanned Soyuz craft as a replacement return vehicle, the Soyuz 32 crew had no visitors.

As long-duration crews now routinely swapped spacecraft with incoming crew, the Soyuz 35 craft was used to return the visiting Soyuz 36 crew to Earth, while the resident crew returned in Soyuz 37.

The visiting crew swapped craft and left on the docked Soyuz 36 craft, returning to earth 31 July.

When the visiting Soyuz 36 Intercosmos crew departed Salyut 6 on 3 June 1980 and the remaining resident crew almost immediately redocked the Soyuz craft left behind, observers speculated the secretive Soviets were possibly planning a second Intercosmos mission.

The Soyuz spacecraft brought two visiting crew members to the Salyut 6 space station, one of whom was an Intercosmos cosmonaut from Cuba.

Unlike many Soyuz visiting missions, the Soyuz lifeboats were not swapped, and the crew returned to Earth in the same spacecraft in which they launched.

On January 16, 1969, the Soviet Union achieved the first EVA crew transfer from one spacecraft to another when Aleksei Yeliseyev and Yevgeny Khrunov transferred from Soyuz 5 to Soyuz 4, which were docked together.

The crew of the Apollo 13 mission survived despite an explosion caused by a faulty oxygen tank ( 1970 ); the crews of Soyuz 11 ( 1971 ), the Space Shuttles Challenger ( 1986 ) and Columbia ( 2003 ) were killed by malfunctions of their vessels ' components.

* 1971 – The crew of the Soviet Soyuz 11 spacecraft are killed when their air supply escapes through a faulty valve.

* 1969 – Soviet spacecraft Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5 perform the first-ever docking of manned spacecraft in orbit, the first-ever transfer of crew from one space vehicle to another, and the only time such a transfer was accomplished with a space walk.

* 2000 – The first resident crew to the ISS docked in November 2nd on the Soyuz TM-31.

* 2000 – Soyuz TM-31 launches, carrying the first resident crew to the International Space Station.

Vostok 1 marked his only spaceflight, but he served as backup crew to the Soyuz 1 mission ( which ended in a fatal crash ).

* October 30 – This is the final date during which there is no human presence in space ; on October 31, Soyuz TM-31 launches, carrying the first resident crew to the International Space Station.

* January 15 – The Soviet Union launches Soyuz 5, which docked with Soyuz 4 for a transfer of crew.

** After a successful mission aboard Salyut 1, the world's first manned space station, the crew of the Soyuz 11 spacecraft are killed when their air supply leaks out through a faulty valve.

* February 9 – The Soyuz 17 crew ( Georgi Grechko, Aleksei Gubarev ) returns to Earth after 1 month aboard the Salyut 4 space station.

Three days later, the Soyuz 10 crew attempted to dock with it, but failed to achieve a secure enough connection to safely enter the station.

The Soyuz 11 crew of Vladislav Volkov, Georgi Dobrovolski and Viktor Patsayev successfully docked on 7 June and completed a record 22-day stay.

The mission plan was complex, involving a rendezvous with Soyuz 2, swapping crew members before returning to Earth.

The crew of Soyuz 2 modified their mission goals, preparing themselves for a launch that would include fixing the solar panel of Soyuz 1.

The last Saturn IB flight was launched on July 15, 1975, carrying a three-man crew on a six-day mission to dock with a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft .. Called the Apollo – Soyuz Test Project ( ASTP ), the primary purpose was to provide engineering experience for future joint space flights, but both spacecraft also had scientific experiments.

The company continues to dominate a large part of the Russian space program, and a considerable part of the World's space program, with its Soyuz rockets and spacecraft having become the only crewed spacecraft conducting regular flights and the exclusive crew transport vehicle for the International Space Station after the Space Shuttle retirement.