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Spacelab and Infrared
In 1979, a National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences report, A Strategy for Space Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 1980s, identified a Shuttle Infrared Telescope Facility ( SIRTF ) as " one of two major astrophysics facilities be developed for Spacelab ," a Shuttle-borne platform.

Spacelab and was
STS-51-F ( also known as Spacelab 2 ) was the nineteenth flight of NASA's Space Shuttle program, and the eighth flight of Space Shuttle Challenger.
A special part of the modular Spacelab system, the " igloo ", which was located at head of a three-pallet train, provided on-site support to instruments mounted on pallets.
The main mission objective was to verify performance of Spacelab systems, determine the interface capability of the orbiter, and measure the environment created by the spacecraft.
Despite mission replanning necessitated by Challenger < nowiki >'</ nowiki > s abort to orbit trajectory, the Spacelab mission was declared a success.
At this point Columbia was joined by Challenger, which performed the next three shuttle missions, while Columbia underwent modifications for the first Spacelab mission.
In 1983, Columbia, under the command of John Young for his sixth spaceflight, undertook its second operational mission ( STS-9 ), in which the Spacelab science laboratory and a six-person crew was carried, including the first non-American astronaut on a space shuttle, Ulf Merbold.
Its ample size — much greater than that of the shuttle alone, or even the shuttle plus Spacelabwas enough, with some modifications, for up to seven astronauts of both sexes, and experiments needing a long duration in space ; even a movie projector for recreation was possible.
Another proposal was based on the Spacelab habitation modules, which provided 32 seats in the payload bay in addition to those in the cockpit area.
He was selected as one of four payload specialists for Spacelab 2 on August 9, 1978, and after seven years of training he flew on STS-51-F / Spacelab-2.
With a permanent space station as an objective, the Space Shuttle was developed as a reusable transportation vehicle, and with it came Spacelab and other experimental activities making use of the Shuttle ’ cargo bay.
MSFC was also responsible for Spacelab, the research facility carried in the Shuttle's cargo bay on certain flights.
* Spacelab 1 was flown on STS-9, launched November 28, 1983.
Spacelab was a reusable laboratory used on certain spaceflights flown by the Space Shuttle.
Construction of Spacelab was started in 1974 by the ERNO ( daughter of VFW-Fokker GmbH, after merger with MBB named MBB / ERNO, and since 2003 part of EADS SPACE Transportation ).
A Spacelab Pallet was transferred to the Swiss Museum of Transport for permanent display on 5 March 2010.
On spaceflight where a habitable module was not flown, but pallets were flown, a pressurized cylinder known as the igloo carried the subsystems needed to operate the Spacelab equipment.
An igloo component was flown on Spacelab 2, Astro-1, ATLAS-1, ATLAS-2, ATLAS-3, and Astro-2.
Science work was to be moved to the International Space Station and Spacehab module, a pressurized carrier similar to the Spacelab Module.
A Spacelab Pallet was recommissioned in 2002 for flight on STS-99.
The " Spacelab Pallet-Deployable 1 ( SLP-D1 ) with Canadian Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator, Dextre " was launched on STS-123.
" Spacelab Pallet-Deployable 2 ( SLP-D2 )" was scheduled for STS-127.
STS-9 ( also known as STS-41A and Spacelab 1 ) was a NASA Space Shuttle mission which carried the first Spacelab laboratory module into orbit.

Spacelab and also
The Center also received responsibility for Spacelab, a versatile laboratory that would be carried on some flights within the Shuttle's cargo bay.
The mission was also scheduled to carry out a series of tests with the TDRS-1 satellite which had been deployed by STS-6, to ensure the system was fully operational before it was used to support the Spacelab 1 program on the upcoming STS-9 flight.
Thornton was also the mission specialist on SMD III, a simulation of a Spacelab life sciences mission.
ATLAS-3 instruments, mounted on a Spacelab pallet in the cargo bay, included Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy ( ATMOS ), which collected more data on trace gases in the atmosphere than on all three of its previous flights combined ; Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Spectrometer ( SSBUV ), which took ozone measurements to calibrate ozone monitor on aging NOAA-9 satellite as well as cooperative measurements with other ATLAS-3 instruments ; Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor ( ACRIM ), which took extremely precise measurements of the sun's total radiation for 30 orbits as calibration reference for sister instrument on Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite ( UARS ) launched in 1991 ; Measurement of the Solar Constant ( SOLCON ), provided by Belgium, which also measured solar radiation but as reference point to track changes over years ; Solar Spectrum Measurement ( SOLSPEC ), French instrument, measured sun's radiation as function of wavelength ; and Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor ( SUSIM ), which collected its highest precision solar ultraviolet radiation measurements in its 15-year lifetime.
It also carried a Spacelab module in the payload bay in which the crew performed various life sciences experiments and data collections.
Endeavour also saw the recommissioning of the Spacelab Pallet system, used for experiments in vacuum.
Trained as an astrophysicist, he also flew on 1990 Spacelab shuttle mission that featured the ASTRO-1 ultraviolet astronomical observatory in the shuttle's payload bay.
It also carried a Spacelab module in the payload bay in which the crew performed various life sciences experiments and data collections.
Dunbar served as MS-3 on this flight which also carried a Spacelab module in the payload bay in which the crew performed medical evaluations on the returning Mir crew.
The experiment flew on Spacelab 3 and is also a part of the United States Microgravity Laboratory-2 ( USML-2 ) payload.
He was also the mission scientist for Spacelab J ( STS-47 ) coordinating more than 40 domestic and Japanese experiments in fluid dynamics, crystal growth, and life science during the 8-day mission.
Nagel also served as commander of STS-55, the German D-2 Spacelab mission.
The delivery method also changed from Cupola being mounted on a Spacelab pallet accompanying Kibos external facility to being mounted on the same European pallet but with Node 3 to being mounted on Node 3 itself.
Atlantis also carried out on-orbit joint US-Russian life sciences investigations aboard a Spacelab module and performed a logistical resupply of the station.
Among this first group was Ulf Merbold, who then also flew the first Spacelab mission STS-9.

Spacelab and flown
In addition to the pallet experiments, many other experiments were flown and performed using Spacelab.
The Spacelab Module comprises a cylindrical main laboratory configurable as Short or Long Module flown in the rear of the Space Shuttle cargo bay, connected to the crew compartment by a tunnel.
This record duration 14-day mission was recognized by NASA management as the most successful and efficient Spacelab flight flown by NASA.
STS-78 was the fifth dedicated Life and Microgravity Spacelab mission for the Space Shuttle program, flown partly in preparation for the International Space Station project.
From 1978 to 1984 he was a researcher for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT )/ Canadian Vestibular experiments on Spacelab 1, Spacelab D-1, Spacelab SLS-1 and SLS-2, and a co-principal investigator for the Mental Workload and Performance experiment flown on IML-1 to assess human-computer workstation characteristics for the Space Station.
Dr. Seddon was the Payload Commander on this life science research mission which received NASA management recognition as the most successful and efficient Spacelab flown to date.
This record duration fourteen-day life science research mission has been recognized by NASA management as the most successful and efficient Spacelab flight that NASA has flown.
The Life Sciences and Microgravity Spacelab mission was flown aboard Space Shuttle Columbia.
After this selection he became a staff member at the European Space Research and Technology Centre ( ESTEC ) of ESA Space Science Department, Space Plasma Physics Division, working in the development, testing, and qualification of ES020-PICPAB, an experiment in Ionospheric Plasma Physics for the first Spacelab payload, flown in 1983, involving the use of accelerated charged particle beams ( cooperation involved French CNRS / CRPE, Norwegian NRDE and ESTEC ).
STS-90 was the last and most complex of the twenty-five Spacelab missions NASA has flown.

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