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Spanish and Empire
Potosí in present-day Bolivia and Cerro de Pasco in Peru were one of the principal mines of the Spanish Empire in the New World.
European ancestors also include Spanish and Italian seamen who were granted land by the Portuguese Empire, followed by Portuguese settlers, exiles, and Portuguese Jews who were victims of the Inquisition.
What started as an elitist political movement against their colonial master, finally ended as a full-fledged civil war between pro-Independence Criollos who sought political and economic independence from Spain and royalist Criollos, who supported the continued allegiance to and permanence within the Spanish Empire of the Kingdom of Chile.
During most of the colonial period, Costa Rica was the southernmost province of the Captaincy General of Guatemala, which was nominally part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain ( i. e., Mexico ), but which in practice operated as a largely autonomous entity within the Spanish Empire.
Costa Rica's distance from the capital in Guatemala, its legal prohibition under Spanish law to trade with its southern neighbors in Panama, then part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada ( i. e., Colombia ), and the lack of resources such as gold and silver, made Costa Rica into a poor, isolated, and sparsely inhabited region within the Spanish Empire.
Over the course of three more voyages, Columbus visited the Greater and Lesser Antilles, as well as the Caribbean coast of Venezuela and Central America, claiming them for the Spanish Empire.
Maritime navigation developed locally after Spain lifted its restrictions on ports within the Spanish Empire inducing mercantilism.
After the dissolution of Spanish authority, the former Captaincy General remained intact as part of the short-lived First Mexican Empire.
Belize was contested between the Spanish Empire and the British Empire, a dispute that continued after the independence of Guatemala, who considered Belize to be a Guatemalan department.
Prior to the end of the slave trade and widespread abolition, when indigenous labour was unavailable, slaves were often imported to the Americas, first by the Spanish Empire, and later by the Dutch, French and British.
These new lands were divided between the Portuguese Empire and Spanish Empire, first by the papal bull Inter caetera and then by the Treaty of Tordesillas and the Treaty of Zaragoza ( 1529 ).
The major European empires consisted of the following colonies at the start of World War I ( former colonies of the Spanish Empire became independent before 1914 and are not listed ; former colonies of other European empires that previously became independent, such as the former French colony Haiti, are not listed ):
During the Spanish Empire, approximately 550, 000 Spanish settlers migrated to Latin America.
Cuzco, New Castile, Spanish Empire
1648 ; subsequently multinational in all nations in or formerly in the Spanish Empire.
To the dismay of Catholic Europe, England exported tin and lead ( for cannon-casting ) and ammunitions to the Ottoman Empire, and Elizabeth seriously discussed joint military operations with Murad III during the outbreak of war with Spain in 1585, as Francis Walsingham was lobbying for a direct Ottoman military involvement against the common Spanish enemy.
Conquered Guatemala was part of the Spanish Empire for approximately 300 years, when it became independent in 1821, when it was part of the Mexican Empire ( 1821 – 23 ) until becoming fully independent in the 1840s.
Although some found initial refuge in Italy ( especially Venice ), most resettled in the Ottoman Empire, where Spanish speaking Jews established in Istanbul a rich sub-culture with a flourishing Hebrew and Ladino printing industry.

Spanish and claimed
Columbus's strained relationship with the Spanish crown and its appointed colonial administrators in America led to his arrest and dismissal as governor of the settlements on the island of Hispaniola in 1500, and later to protracted litigation over the benefits which Columbus and his heirs claimed were owed to them by the crown.
" When the bodies proved to have been discovered near where Aaron indicated, Bray asked Aaron for further details, and Aaron claimed that he had witnessed the murders committed by Satanists who spoke Spanish.
Belgian journalist Jo Gérard has claimed that a family manuscript dated 1781 recounts that potatoes were deep-fried prior to 1680 in what was then the Spanish Netherlands and is now present-day Belgium, in the Meuse valley: " The inhabitants of Namur, Andenne, and Dinant, had the custom of fishing in the Meuse for small fish and frying, especially among the poor, but when the river was frozen and fishing became hazardous, they cut potatoes in the form of small fish and put them in a fryer like those here ".
Also, some British sources have accounted the flag story ( He had the Spanish flag hauled down and the English flag hoisted in its stead ; Rooke's men quickly raised the British flag ... and Rooke claimed the Rock in the name of Queen Anne ; or Sir George Rooke, the British admiral, on his own responsibility caused the British flag to be hoisted, and took possession in name of Queen Anne, whose government ratified the occupation ).
: However, it is claimed by present-day historians, both Spanish and British, that this version is apocryphal since no contemporary source accounts it.
The lost Spanish manuscript claimed to have been written in Istanbul, and the surviving Italian manuscript has several Turkish features ; so, whether the language of origin was Spanish or Italian, Istanbul is regarded by most students as the place of origin of the present text.
Columbus promptly claimed the island for the Spanish Crown, naming it La Isla Española (" the Spanish Island "), later Latinized to Hispaniola.
Therefore, he claimed the Spanish thrones for himself.
They came from a claimed " 53 nations " to fight against the Spanish Nationalist forces led by General Francisco Franco and assisted by German and Italian forces.
However, they were claimed under the Spanish sovereignty as part of the Spanish East Indies.
In a 2008 survey, 57. 9 % of Spanish citizens were indifferent, 16. 2 % favored a Republic, 15. 7 % were monarchists, and 7 % claimed to be Juancarlistas ( supporters of continued monarchy under King Juan Carlos I, without a common position for the fate of the monarchy after his death ).
Olivenza ( Spanish ) or Olivença ( Portuguese ) is a town and seat of a municipality, on a disputed section of the border between Portugal and Spain, which is claimed de jure by both countries and administered de facto as part of the Spanish autonomous community of Extremadura.
A Spanish expedition under Christopher Columbus discovered and claimed the island for Spain in 1493.
Western Sahara, formerly the Spanish colony of Spanish Sahara, is a disputed territory claimed by both the Kingdom of Morocco and the Polisario Front.
Two dynasties claimed the Spanish throne: the French Bourbons and the Austrian Habsburgs, both closely related to Charles and to his father, Philip IV.
It had been claimed that Dalí gave this work to his exorcist out of gratitude, and two Spanish art experts confirmed that there were adequate stylistic reasons to believe the sculpture was made by Dalí.
The Spanish claimed the islands by original discovery, but did nothing to enforce their claims, and never settled the Territory.
British settlers had been active in southern Yucatan since the beginning of the 18th century, despite the opposition of the Spanish, who claimed sovereignty over all of Central America.

Spanish and islands
The islands make up part of the Virgin Islands archipelago, the remaining islands constitute the U. S. Virgin Islands and the Spanish Virgin Islands.
While Portuguese and Spanish activity in the region had weakened, the English had built fortified trading posts on tiny Ai and Run islands, ten to twenty kilometres from the main Banda Islands.
A variety of people settled on the islands: pirates, refugees from the Spanish Inquisition, shipwrecked sailors, and slaves.
Spanish ships visited the islands in the 16th century ; the first written record of contact from Europeans with the native inhabitants of the Cook Islands came with the sighting of Pukapuka by Spanish sailor Álvaro de Mendaña in 1595 who called it San Bernardo ( Saint Bernard ).
Following the departure of the Spanish settlers, the Falkland Islands became the domain of whalers and sealers who used the islands to shelter from the worst of the South Atlantic weather.
The Falkland Islands comprise two main islands, West Falkland and East Falkland ( in Spanish Isla Gran Malvina and Isla Soledad respectively ), and about 776 small islands.
Spain sold the islands to Germany in 1899 under the terms of the German – Spanish Treaty of that year.
In 1899, Spain sold its remaining Pacific islandsthe Northern Mariana Islands, Caroline Islands and Palau — to Germany and Spanish colonial possessions were reduced to Spanish Morocco, Spanish Sahara and Spanish Guinea, all in Africa.
The Juan Fernández Islands ( Spanish: Archipiélago Juan Fernández ) are a sparsely inhabited island group reliant on tourism and fishing in the South Pacific Ocean, situated about off the coast of Chile, and is composed of three main volcanic islands ; Robinson Crusoe Island, Alejandro Selkirk Island and Santa Clara Island, the first two being formerly called Más Adentro and Más Afuera respectively.
* border 30px Spanish enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla and nearby islands
Spain established a colony there, and gave the islands the official title of Las Marianas in honor of Spanish Queen Mariana of Austria, widow of Philip IV of Spain.
Other expeditions by Spanish and English ships followed, with the islands ' current name stemming from British explorer John Marshall.
Recognised as part of the Spanish East Indies in 1874, the islands were sold to Germany in 1884, and became part of German New Guinea in 1885.
Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar was the first European to see the islands in 1526, commanding the ship Santa Maria de la Victoria, the only surviving vessel of the Loaísa Expedition.
The Spanish enclave of Ifni in the south became part of the new Morocco in 1969, but other Spanish possessions in the north ( Ceuta, Melilla and some small islands ) remain under Madrid's control, with Morocco viewing them as occupied territory.
In 1565 Miguel López de Legazpi arrived in Guam and took possession of the islands in the name of the Spanish Crown.

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